만난아제(β-mannanase)와 DDGS(distiller's dried grains with solubles)의 첨가가 에너지 수준에 따른 육계의 성장, 영양소 이용율과 면역반응에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of the DDGS(Distiller's dried grains with solubles) and β-mannanase on the Growth Performance, Nutrients Utilizability and Immune Response in Broiler Fed either High or Low Energy Diet

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 실험은 사료 내 만난아제와 DDGS(Corn distillers dried grains with solubles)의 첨가가 다른 에너지 수준에서의 육계 육성능력과 영양소 이용률 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 식물 세포벽의 구성 성분인 NSP(non-starch polysaccarides)는 Hemicellulose, Cellulose, Lignin으로 구성되며 Hemicellulose의 형태로 존재하는 만난은 주요 항 영양인자로 단위동물에서 글루코즈 흡수를 감소시키고 인슐린과 IGF-1의 분비를 저해하며 높은 점도를 유발시켜 영양소 소화율을 저하시키는 등의 에너지 이용을 떨어뜨린다. 따라서 만난을 분해하는 만난아제의 첨가로 에너지의 다른 두 수준에서의 육계 육성능력과 영양소 이용률 및 항체가와 분변 내 박테리아를 측정하여 면역반응을 측정하였다. 또한 옥수수와 대두박의 대체원료로 주목받고 있는 DDGS(Corn distillers dried grains with solubles)를 10% 첨가하여 대조구와 비교 분석하였다. 처리구는 옥수수와 대두박위주의 일반육계사료를 급여한 대조구와 만난아제(320IU)를 첨가한 실험구에 각각 2% Low TME, DDGS 10%첨가, DDGS 10%첨가에 2% Low TME, 무처리의 5처리 5반복으로 실험하여 ADG, ADFI, FCR, Fecal bacteria, Total IgG를 측정하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of the DDGS(distiller's dried grains with solubles) and β-mannanase on the growth performance, nutrients utilizability and immune response in broiler fed either high or low energy diet.
Exp. 1 was carried out to investigate the effects of β-mannanase supplementation into broiler diets with two levels of dietary TME. Three hundred 1-d-old Rossⓡ broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, with 5 pens per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. Total feeding periods are 4 weeks. Two basal diets were prepared according to two phases(starter and grower) of broiler chicken. Three treatments can be symbolized as below according to both dietary TME levels and β-mannanase supplementation.
Nutrient utilizability(DM, CP, EE, ASH, CHO and energy), average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily growth(ADG) and feed conversion rate(FCR) data were measured to evaluate the performance of birds. To evaluate immunity response, the serum IgG level and population of pathogenic microorganism were analyzed just after feeding trial.
There was no significant difference in ADG and ADFI during whole phases between control and β-mannanase supplemented groups. FCR of T2 and T3 during grower phase was improved(p<0.05) significantly when compared to control, but there was no significant differences considering whole phases. The energy utilizability of T2 was lowest(p<0.05), however other nutrient utilizability was not different(p>0.05) among treatments.
Total IgG level of serum in broilers fed T2 and T3 was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of control. β-mannanase supplementation significantly reduced(p<0.05) fecal microbial population(E.coli and salmonella) in broiler. The beneficial effect of β-mannanase supplementation on immunity of broilers could be explained by MOS(mannan-oligosaccharides) which came from degraded β-mannan by β-mannanase
It is concluded that β-mannanase can improve utilizability of lower TME feed in broiler. As far as β-mannanase is supplemented, feeding low TME diet does not hurt the performance of broiler. In addition, there was a possibility that β-mannanase can be used as an immunostimulator in broiler.
Exp. 2 was carried out to investigate the effects of both β-mannanase and DDGS(distiller's dried grains with solubles) incorporation into broiler diets with two different levels of TME.
Three hundred 1-d-old Rossⓡ broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, with 5 pens per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. Total feeding periods are 4 weeks. Two basal diets were prepared according to two phases(starter and grower) of broiler chicken. Three treatments can be symbolized as below according to both dietary TME levels and DDGS and β-mannanase simultaneous incorporation.
◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요)
ADFI and FCR were not different among all treatment during whole phases. However, those of T2 and T3 was decreased significantly compared to control(p<0.05) considering only grower phase. ADG of T2 and T3 was decreased(p<0.05) significantly during grower phase, with the lowest ADG of T3 compared to control(p<0.05).
CP utilizability of T2 was improved significantly compared to control, CHO utilizability T2 and T3 was lower(p<0.05) than control. T3 was the lowest in energy utilizability. There were no differences(p>0.05) in utilizabilities of DM, EE, ash among treatments.
Total IgG level of serum in broiler fed T3 diet was significantly highest(p<0.05) compared to other treatments, with that of T2, which is was higher than control. Fecal microbial population(E.coli and salmonella) were not different among treatment in this trial(p<0.05). However, those of T2 and T3 were numerically lower than control.
Therefore, it can be conducted that possible disadvantage due to substitution of 10% DDGS in broiler diets would be overcome through β-mannanase supplementation, although it is not effective as that much with 2% low TME diet.
According to the results of two experiments, the β-mannanase is observed to be effective for improving feed availability in the broiler diet even in the 2% low TME energy diet. Incorporation of DDGS to broiler diet up to 10% level could be acceptable as far as the β-mannanase is supplemented with optimum TME diet.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구배경 = 1
• 2. 연구주제 = 2
• Ⅱ. 연구사 = 3
• 1. DDGS(distiller's dried grains with solubles) = 3
• 2. β-mannan과 β-mannanase = 8
• 1) β-mannan = 8
• 2) β-mannanase = 12
• (1) β-mannan의 가수분해 = 12
• (2) Source of β-mannanase = 13
• (3)가금사료에 있어 영양학적 가치의 향상 = 13
• Ⅲ. 실험 = 16
• 실험 1. 에너지 수준이 다른 육계사료의 만난아제(β-mannanase) 첨가가 생산성과 면역반응에 미치는 영향 = 16
• 1. 서론 = 16
• 2. 재료 및 방법 = 18
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 = 23
• 4. 결론 = 28
• 실험 2. 에너지 수준이 다른 육계사료의 DDGS(Distiller's dried grains with solubles) 첨가가 생산성과 면역반응에 미치는 영향 = 29
• 1. 서론 = 29
• 2. 재료 및 방법 = 30
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 = 32
• 4. 결론 = 38
• Ⅳ. 요약 = 40
• Literature Cited = 41
• Summary = 51