20세기 초 미국 복지 자본주의: NCF의 역할을 중심으로 = American Welfare Capitalism in the Early Twentieth Century: Focusing on the Role of the NCF

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the face of growing discontent with the socio-economic inequalities of industrial society, welfare capitalism in America came into being to respond the social problems at the turn of twentieth century. The welfare capitalists developed company-sponsored welfare programs under the aegis of NCF. The social welfare programs was a more sophisticated plan upon the quasi-welfare programs maintained by the relief organizations of the late nineteenth century. The NCF set up its newly organized Welfare Department, and set to lay the work for a cooperative system between capital and labor. The success of this system relied upon the creation of extra-governmental social welfare programs. Such a cooperation sought to accept wokers’ demands for higher wages and job security, while at the same time attempting to ensure for business employee loyalty and efficient workforce. It also sought to restrain the growth in socialism’s and unionism’s popularity. The welfare capitalists found the way to achieve social and industrial peace through the social welfare work.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

20세기 전환기 미국에는 산업 자본주의가 야기한 사회경제적 불평등으로 대중의 불만이 폭발하고 있었다. 이에 대한 해결 방안으로 복지 자본주의가 등장하였다. 복지 자본주의의 필요성을 인식하고 있던 기업가들은 NCF를 중심으로 기업이 후원하는 복지 프로그램을 마련하였다. 그것은 19세기 말 공제조직이나 자선단체들의 유사 복지 프로그램을 발전시킨 것이었다. NCF는 1904년 조직 산하에 복지부를 설치하고 자본과 노동의 긴밀한 협조체제를 구축하였다. 이러한 협력의 성공여부는 정부가 주도하는 공공복지가 아니라 기업이 후원하는 복지 프로그램의 수립에 달려 있었다. 그것은 주로 노동자들을 위한 노동조건 개선, 임금인상, 고용보장과 같은 문제들에 논의의 초점이 맞추어져 있으며, 동시에 기업의 입장에서 노동자들의 충성심과 효율적인 노동력 확보 방안이기도 했다. 또한 사회주의와 노동조합의 성장을 억제하기 위한 방안이기도 했다. 복지 자본주의는 기업에 대한 노동자의 충성심 확보와 산업 평화를 목표로 추진된 것이었다.

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