심마니 습속의 변화 양상 = The Changing Patterns of Simmani’s Folkways

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Simmani who is gathering a wild ginseng as a profession is the job that keeps going awaygradually. In the strict meaning, tradition and folkways of Simmani have been changing becauseof rapid social change, rather than the job disappear. The folkways of Simmani that had beenunsociable and local get blurred increasingly. The consciousness has gone more and more in theritual conduct, the only has left behavior.
The causes of this change were as follows.
First, a full-time activity of Simmani is illegal due to various regulations and laws regardingforest and land use. Second, Simmani that was active in one region moves to another regionbecause of the traffic development, so the regional distinction tends to be weakening. Third, thewild ginseng that had been in the mysterious elixir became something that known well by thedevelopment of community. Fourth, the group life so called ‘Modum-life’ was simplifiedbecause of reducing the period of temporary residence in the mountains. Fifth, the folkways ofSimmani have been interfered by various groups that have suddenly appeared, as well as thesideline Simmani.
The results were as follows.
First, Simmani, as the person who is collecting a wild ginseng with jobs, were calledtraditionally ‘Simmemani’, ‘Simkun’, ‘Samkun’, ‘Chaesamin’ and ‘Chaesamkun’. The generalname that is called is ‘Simmani’, ‘Simmemani’, ‘Simkun’ and ‘Samkun’. ‘Chaesamin’ and‘Chaesamkun’ are marked in Chinese character. However, ‘Sancheok’ that is known commonlyas Simmani is the person who was picking medicinal herbs, so he should be separated the full–time Simmmani in that folkways.
Second, the folkways of Simmani who prepares going to the mountains before tend to havebeen simplify gradually. There was in the case that he went to mountain alone without thegroup. And portable tools tend to have been gradually replaced by a ready-made, the amountalso has been reduced. In addition, the folkway of ‘Setting a date’ did not appear after in the1970s, the season that goes to mountain was not also steady. The distinction between full-timeand sideline Simmani has been blurring, and the difference in compare with village rites intaboo did not appear in that much.
Third, the folkways tend to be gradually weakened in the group-life, excluding being carefulin his speech[Sineon folkways] and the jargon that Simmani used. The folkways of group-lifetend to be weakened by the change of period that dwells in the mountain. And the idea ofdream got also weakened. There remained just act, but consciousness was disappearinggradually in the group-life. However, the types of ‘Chiseong-je’ are various, the attitude of‘Chiseong-je’ is still being maintained.
Fourth, the idea of a wild ginseng that was existing tends to have weakened gradually in thefolkway of picking ginseng. When he has looked for habitat of a wild ginseng, he considers notany ‘The great site[Myungdang]’ but the characteristics of the surrounding environment. Aniron-ware appeared in action that picks ginseng. And the folkway of ‘Gamjang’ wasdisappearing. In addition, the song of Simmani is not longer handed down. And the distinctionof between Simmani and Yakchokun, the person that picks medical herbs, was disappearing.
Simmani did not gather other herbs without a wild ginseng in mountain. Since the 1970s, hehas gathered different medicinal herbs.
Fifth, the jargon did not distinguish by region. However, ‘Sammun[ginseng-gate]’ as animportant meaning that unknown while is picking ginseng has been investigated. And theexisting research on ‘Sangdae’ of jargon should be modified in the sense of ‘the ginseng thathas two stem’.

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