1 구희산(Koo, Hee-San), "한국인 영어모음의 특징(Characteristics of English Vowels Spoken by Koreans)" 7 (7): 107-116, 2000
2 손일권, "한국어 화자가 발화한 한국어와 영어 모음의 낭독속도에 따른 포먼트 변화에 대한 비교연구" 한국중앙영어영문학회 59 (59): 239-261, 2017
3 한정임, "편지글 읽기에 나타난 한국어 모음 /오/-/우/의 세대간 차이" 한국음성학회 5 (5): 201-207, 2013
4 김희성, "약강구조를 포함하는 영어단어에 대한 영어학습자의 약음절 지각과 반응시간(Ι)" 대한음성학회 (57) : 31-42, 2006
5 이숙향, "발화속도에 따른 한국어 모음의 음향적 특성" 한국음향학회 22 (22): 14-22, 2003
6 Harris, Katherine S., "Vowel Duration Change and its Underlying Physiological Mechanisms" 21 : 354-361, 1978
7 Chiba, Tsutomu, "The Vowel: Its Nature and Structure" Tokyo-Kaiseikan 1942
8 Fry, Denis Butler, "The Physics of Speech" Cambridge University Press 1979
9 Turner, Greg S., "The Influence of Speaking Rate on Vowel Space and Speech Intelligibility for Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" 38 (38): 1001-1013, 1995
10 Tsao, Ying-Chiao, "The Effect of Intertalker Speech Rate Variation on Acoustic Vowel Space" 119 (119): 1074-1082, 2006
1 구희산(Koo, Hee-San), "한국인 영어모음의 특징(Characteristics of English Vowels Spoken by Koreans)" 7 (7): 107-116, 2000
2 손일권, "한국어 화자가 발화한 한국어와 영어 모음의 낭독속도에 따른 포먼트 변화에 대한 비교연구" 한국중앙영어영문학회 59 (59): 239-261, 2017
3 한정임, "편지글 읽기에 나타난 한국어 모음 /오/-/우/의 세대간 차이" 한국음성학회 5 (5): 201-207, 2013
4 김희성, "약강구조를 포함하는 영어단어에 대한 영어학습자의 약음절 지각과 반응시간(Ι)" 대한음성학회 (57) : 31-42, 2006
5 이숙향, "발화속도에 따른 한국어 모음의 음향적 특성" 한국음향학회 22 (22): 14-22, 2003
6 Harris, Katherine S., "Vowel Duration Change and its Underlying Physiological Mechanisms" 21 : 354-361, 1978
7 Chiba, Tsutomu, "The Vowel: Its Nature and Structure" Tokyo-Kaiseikan 1942
8 Fry, Denis Butler, "The Physics of Speech" Cambridge University Press 1979
9 Turner, Greg S., "The Influence of Speaking Rate on Vowel Space and Speech Intelligibility for Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" 38 (38): 1001-1013, 1995
10 Tsao, Ying-Chiao, "The Effect of Intertalker Speech Rate Variation on Acoustic Vowel Space" 119 (119): 1074-1082, 2006
11 Fourakis, Marios, "Tempo, Stress, and Vowel Reduction in American English" 90 : 1816-1827, 1991
12 Tuller, Betty, "Stress and Rate: Differential Transformations of Articulation" 71 : 1534-1543, 1982
13 Tauroza, Steve, "Speech Rates in British English" 11 (11): 90-105, 1990
14 Lindblom, Björn, "Spectrographic Study of Vowel Reduction" 85 : 1773-1781, 1963
15 Flemming, Edward, "Scalar and Categorical Phenomena in a Unified Model of Phonetics and Phonology" 18 (18): 7-44, 2001
16 Beckman, Mary E., "Papers in laboratory phonology II: Segment, Gesture, Prosody" Cambridge University Press 68-86, 1992
17 Gay, Thomas, "Mechanisms in the Control of Speech Rate" 38 : 148-158, 1981
18 Hillenbrand, James M., "Effects of Consonant Environment on Vowel Formant Patterns" 109 (109): 748-763, 2001
19 Sonoda, Yoshimi, "Effect of Speaking Rate on Articulatory Dynamics and Motor Event" 15 : 145-156, 1987
20 Peterson, Gordon E., "Duration and Syllable Nuclei in English" 32 (32): 693-703, 1960
21 Calvert, Donald R., "Descriptive Phonetics" Thieme Medical Publisher 1986
22 한정임, "Cross-generational Change of /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean I: Proximity in Vowel Space" 한국음성학회 5 (5): 25-31, 2013
23 Peterson, Gordon E., "Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels" 24 : 175-184, 1952
24 Hall, Nancy, "Articulatory Phonology" 4 (4): 818-830, 2010
25 Engstrand, Olle, "Articulatory Correlates of Stress and Speaking Rate in Swedish CV Utterances" 83 : 1863-1875, 1988
26 Johnson, Keith, "Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics" Wiley-Blackwell 2012
27 van Bergem, Dick R., "Acoustic Vowel Reduction as a Function of Sentence Accent, Word Stress, and Word Class" 12 : 1-23, 1993
28 Hillenbrand, James M., "Acoustic Characteristics of American English Vowels" 97 : 3099-3111, 1995
29 Kelso, J. A., "A Quantitative Dynamic Analysis of Reiterant Speech Production: Phase Portraits, Kinematics, and Dynamic Modeling" 77 (77): 266-280, 1985
30 Ladefoged, Peter, "A Course of Phonetics" Thomson and Wadsworth 2006