중국 초등 미술교육과 전통 민속문화 - 미술 교과서 내용 분석을 중심으로 - = Chinese primary art education and traditional folk culture: - focusing on the content analysis of art textbooks -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 중국의 전통 민속문화 교육에대한 이해를 도모하기 위하여 초등 미술 교과서를 대상으로 민속문화 교육 내용에 대해 살펴보았다. 먼저 다민족 국가인 중국은 각 민족의 전통 민속문화 보전 보호를 위한 법적 근거를 마련하고, 중화민족의 민속문화 계승 발전을 위한 교육정책을 시행하고 있다. 이를 반영한 전 학년 미술 교과서의 도판을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국의 민속문화 관련 도판은 총 49개로 중국 관련 총 도판의 12%를 차지한다. 둘째, 학습 영역은 조형·표현영역, 디자인·응용영역, 감상·비평영역에서 비교적 고른 분포를 보이고 있다. 셋째, 다민족으로 구성된 중화민족의 민속문화는 56개 민족 중 17개 민족의 민속문화가 소개되고 있으며, 지역으로는 14개 지역의 민속문화가 수록되어있다. 넷째, 민속문화와 관련된 교육내용은 민간 완구, 수공예 장식품, 자수, 염직, 전지공예, 민가, 조소, 그림자 인형극, 연화, 탁본, 전통명절, 전통의상 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 그러나 민간 완구와 수공예분야의 도판이 전체 70%이상을 차지한다는 점, 흥미 유발을 위한 참고자료로서의 단순제시 등은 보다 나은 민속문화 교육을 위해 보완되어야 할 것이다

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines educational contents of folk culture in elementary school art textbooks to increase understanding of China’s traditional folk culture education. China, as a multi-ethnic nation, has established a legal basis for the preservation and protection of traditional folk culture of ethnic groups and has implemented educational policies to promote these folk cultures. The following are the results of analysis of the illustrations included in the art textbooks for all grade levels. First, illustrations related to Chinese folk culture in the textbooks are 49 in total, making up 12% of the total textbook illustrations. Second, educational areas represented are relatively evenly divided between sculpting and molding, design application, and art appreciation and criticism. Third, folk culture of 17 ethnic groups from 14 different regions are introduced in the textbooks out of 56 ethnic groups recognized in China. Fourth, educational content related to folk culture consists of folk toys, handcrafted ornaments, embroidery, dyeing and weaving, paper crafts, folk architect, sculpture, shadow puppetry, lotus paintings, rubbing, traditional holidays and traditional clothing. However, the fact that more than 70% of the images are of folk toys and handcrafted items and that some illustrations were inserted merely to arouse curiosity are areas that would need to be worked on to better

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Xinhua News Agency, "‘Unity in Diversity’—Xi Jinping’s View on Ethnic Groups"

2 Kim Eui Sook, "What is Folklore" Books-hill 2003

3 Xinhua News Agency, "Sha Yan Kites: Seize the East Wind to Fly Paper Kites"

4 남근우, "Revisited the Concept Folklore" The Society of Practice Folkloristics 21 : 2013

5 "Official Website of Xijiang Qianhu Miaozhai"

6 State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, "National Treasures: Daily Treasure Series— the Exhibition of Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community"

7 Art and Culture, "Miao Ethnic Group Intangible Cultural Heritage-Wax Dyeing"

8 "Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics of the People's Republic of China"

9 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, "Law of the People's Republic of China on Intangible Cultural Heritage"

10 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, "Implementation Outline for Patriotic Education in the New Era"

11 Jinghong City People's Government, "Experience the April Festivities - Dai Water Splashing Festival"

12 "Encyclopia of Korean Culture"

13 "Encounter the World Heritage Fujian Tulou: A Unique Large-Scale Residential Architectural Treasure"

14 Dianzi Kebenwang, "Compulsory Education Textbooks for Art, (Grades 1-6), Volumes 1 & 2"

15 Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, "Compulsory Education Art Curriculum Standards" Beijing Normal University Press Group

16 김은경, "Chinese primary art education and traditional art culture-focusing on the content analysis of art textbooks-" Institute of History and Culture 89 : 2024

17 "Chinese Ethnic Minorities - Architectural Features of Naxi Residential Buildings"

18 "Beijing Research and Innovation Center for the Protection and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage"

19 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 6), Volume 1 & 2"

20 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 5), Volume 1 & 2"

21 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 4), Volume 1 & 2"

22 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 3), Volume 1 & 2"

23 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 2), Volume 1 & 2"

24 "Art - Teacher's Teaching Guide (Grade 1), Volume 1 & 2"

25 "Art (Grade 6), Volume 1 & 2"

26 "Art (Grade 5), Volume 1 & 2"

27 "Art (Grade 4), Volume 1 & 2"

28 "Art (Grade 3), Volume 1 & 2"

29 "Art (Grade 2), Volume 1 & 2"

30 "Art (Grade 1), Volume 1 & 2"

31 Chun, In young, "Analysis of China's Ethnic Minority Policy Focusing on Language and Customs Policy" Institute for Area Studies 3 (3): 1994

32 유봉구, "A Study on the Chinese Communist Party's Educational Policies for Minority Groups after Reform and Opening(Gaige Kaifang)" Foreign Studies Institute 60 : 2022

33 "A Charming Ancient Town with a Fresh, Quaint Vibe, Featuring Stilt Houses as a Local Style, Located in Hunan Province"

34 Na, Kyung Soo, "21st Century Traditional Culture and Policy Directions" The Korean Folklore Society 40 : 2004