글로벌가치사슬 연구에 대한 접근법 통합에 관한 소고 = An Integration of Different Approaches to Global Value Chain

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Along with the rise of global value chain (GVC) as an important phenomenon, earlier studies from various approaches to GVC consider various modes of value creation as substitutes with each other. However, in reality multinational corporations (MNCs) are employing different modes for implementing value activities more efficiently. Hence, preceding studies relying on a single approach are limited in capturing the entire picture of GVC. In this respect, this study integrates three different approaches―trade, foreign direct investment, and non-equity mode (NEM)―thereby complementing the limitations of each approach and investigating GVC in a more comprehensive way. In addition, the paper applies the integrated approach to the smartphone business of Apple and Samsung Electronics and compares their GVC strategies. Unlike preceding studies that stressed the differences in their global strategy, this paper shows the similarities from the GVC perspective. This paper demonstrates that both companies utilize various modes of value creation in the GVC for better adapting to the fast-changing business environment and enhancing their competitiveness. Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis, useful implications are provided for both MNCs and policy makers.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

글로벌가치사슬(Global Value Chain, GVC)이 빠른 속도로 확장되고 있는 가운데 이에 대한 다 양한 접근법에서 연구가 진행되고 있으며 이들은 공통적으로 기업의 다양한 가치창출 방식이 대체 관계에 있다는 것을 설명하고 있다. 그러나 실제로 다국적기업은 특정 가치활동을 효과적으로 수행 하기 위해 다양한 방식을 적용하므로 기존 연구에서 적용하는 단일 접근법만으로는 글로벌가치사 슬의 전체적 그림에 대한 설명력이 부족하다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 무역(trade), 해외직접투 자(foreign direct investment), 비자본 참여방식(non-equity mode) 등 세 가지 접근법을 통합함으 로써 이론적으로 각 접근법의 한계점을 보완하고 기업의 GVC전략을 보다 포괄적으로 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구는 이러한 종합적 접근법을 스마트폰 사업의 선두기업인 애플과 삼성전자에 적용하여 이들의 GVC전략을 비교 및 분석하였다. 두 기업의 글로벌 경영전략에서 서로 다른 점을 강조하는 기존연구와 달리, 본 연구에서는 GVC 측면에서 두 기업의 유사한 점을 보여주었다. 두 기업은 모 두 다양한 가치창출 방식을 적용함으로써, 빠르게 변화하는 경쟁 환경에 보다 효과적으로 대응하고 경쟁력을 더욱 향상할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 이러한 이론과 실증 분석을 통해 본 연구에서는 다국 적기업과 정부의 정책 입안자에게 유용한 시사점을 제시하였다.

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