20세기 초 중국의 니체 수용과 신문화운동 = Acceptance of Nietzsche and the New Culture Movement in China in the Early 20th Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The acceptance of Nietzsche in China in the early 20th century is closely related to the upheaval of Chinese modern history. In particular, after 1915, the New Culture Movement emerged in China that criticized the traditional Confucian worldview under the motto of anti-feudalism and anti-imperialism, pursued an interest in democracy and science, an integrated understanding of material and spiritual civilization, and a literary movement using spoken language. A group of intellectuals such as Chen Duxu, Li Dazhao, Cai Yuanfei, Lu Xun, and Hu Shi considered it necessary to understand philosophical thinking correctly as well as western science. They tried to renew China's future with youthful spirit by referring to Nietzsche's thought.
In this article, I will deal with how they accepted and interpreted Nietzsche, and how they influenced the historical and cultural transformation of China. Chen Duxiu sought to establish an individual's independent and subjective life from Nietzsche's morality of master. Li Dazhao tried to inspire youth spirit based on Nietzsche's life philosophy, and Cai Yuanpei, on the other hand, criticized that Nietzsche's philosophy of superman of the strong could be linked to the German militarism. Lu Xun established the true idea of 'establishing a person' in Nietzsche's individualism and philosophy of superman. Hu Shih sought a way to rebuild Chinese civilization in Nietzsche's idea of revaluation of all values. In this article, these discussions will be analyzed in detail, and the ideological point where their interpretation is connected to the New Culture Movement will also be revealed.
Their interpretation of Nietzsche provided the driving force for ideological and cultural movements emphasizing independent and sovereign life and creativity as well as historical vitality of individual self-awareness in the process of China's transition to modern times. Nietzsche played a significant role in the process of change and revolution in modern Chinese history in the early 20th century. Nietzsche's philosophical place in the context of China's modern intellectual history needs to be studied anew.

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