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あ ぁ か が さ ざ た だ な は ば ぱ ま や ゃ ら わ ゎ ん い ぃ き ぎ し じ ち ぢ に ひ び ぴ み り う ぅ く ぐ す ず つ づ っ ぬ ふ ぶ ぷ む ゆ ゅ る え ぇ け げ せ ぜ て で ね へ べ ぺ め れ お ぉ こ ご そ ぞ と ど の ほ ぼ ぽ も よ ょ ろ を
ア ァ カ サ ザ タ ダ ナ ハ バ パ マ ヤ ャ ラ ワ ヮ ン イ ィ キ ギ シ ジ チ ヂ ニ ヒ ビ ピ ミ リ ウ ゥ ク グ ス ズ ツ ヅ ッ ヌ フ ブ プ ム ユ ュ ル エ ェ ケ ゲ セ ゼ テ デ ヘ ベ ペ メ レ オ ォ コ ゴ ソ ゾ ト ド ノ ホ ボ ポ モ ヨ ョ ロ ヲ ―

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  • 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
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á à Á À é è É È ç Ç ê
Ä Ö Ü ä ö ü ß
ְ ֳ ֲ ֱ ָ ַ ֵ ֶ ִ ֹ ּ ֻ ׂ ׁ ּ פ ם ן ו ט א ר ק ף ך ל ח י ע כ ג ד ש ץ ת צ מ נ ה ב
‘ ’ “ ” 〔 〕 〈 〉 「 」 『 』 【 】 ＂ （ ） ［ ］ ｛ ｝
± × ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∞ ∴ ♂ ♀ ∠ ⊥ ⌒ ∂ ∇ ≡ ≒ ≪ ≫ √ ∽ ∝ ∵ ∫ ∬ ∈ ∋ ⊆ ⊇ ⊂ ⊃ ∪ ∩ ∧ ∨ ￢ ⇒ ⇔ ∀ ∃ ∮ ∑ ∏ ＋ － ＜ ＝ ＞
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§ ※ ☆ ★ ○ ● ◎ ◇ ◆ □ ■ △ ▽ → ← ↑ ↓ ↔ 〓 ◁ ◀ ▷ ▶ ♤ ♠ ♡ ♥ ♧ ♣ ⊙ ◈ ▣ ◐ ◑ ▒ ▤ ▥ ▨ ▧ ▦ ▩ ♨ ☏ ☎ ☜ ☞ † ‡ ↕ ↗ ↙ ↖ ↘ ♭ ♩ ♪ ♬ ㉿ ㈜ № ㏇ ™ ㏂ ㏘ ℡ ＃ ＆ ＊ ＠ ª º
ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ ⅵ ⅶ ⅷ ⅸ ⅹ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ
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      탈북민 수는 왜 늘어나지 않는가? －디지털 권위주의와 생체인식기술 발전－ = Why isn’t the number of North Korean Defectors increasing? - Digital authoritarianism and biometric advances -

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A109405066

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      The number of North Korean defectors has dropped from over 1,000 in 2019 to about one-tenth since 2021. The decline has been attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and the tightening of the border between North Korea and China, but why has the number of North Korean defectors not increased as much as before despite the endemic and the liberalization of movement? This study argues that the rapid development of surveillance technology based on biometrics in China, and the use of AI-enabled arrests rather than physical arrests of traditional defectors, has contributed to the decline in defections. We explore how digital authoritarianism in China and North Korea constrains defectors and explain why, unless something dramatic changes, the number of defectors is unlikely to increase in the future.
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      The number of North Korean defectors has dropped from over 1,000 in 2019 to about one-tenth since 2021. The decline has been attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and the tightening of the border between North Korea and China, but why has the number of ...

      The number of North Korean defectors has dropped from over 1,000 in 2019 to about one-tenth since 2021. The decline has been attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and the tightening of the border between North Korea and China, but why has the number of North Korean defectors not increased as much as before despite the endemic and the liberalization of movement? This study argues that the rapid development of surveillance technology based on biometrics in China, and the use of AI-enabled arrests rather than physical arrests of traditional defectors, has contributed to the decline in defections. We explore how digital authoritarianism in China and North Korea constrains defectors and explain why, unless something dramatic changes, the number of defectors is unlikely to increase in the future.

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