사회-심리적 특성으로서 수치심의 이해와 해결 = An Understanding and Solution of Shame as Psycho-Social Trait

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at an understanding and solution of shame. Shame is an emotion to be generated when one evaluates oneself negatively. Shame is an emotion or a feeling to be small, useless, and unworthy. There are three different components of “oneself as the evaluator,” “the framework of the evaluator,” and “the attitude of the evaluator” in order to understand shame. It occurs when the evaluator oneself is negatively evaluated by others' perspectives. Hence shame occurs in the psycho-social context and resides in the intrapsychic world. Shame is a psychological trait because it can be acknowledged or unacknowledged, reflecting the tendency of perfection. The formation and development of shame is closely related to the narcissistic injury and the tendency of perfection. It is generated when the narcissistic tendency of infants is not accepted by their mothers. When the grandiose self of the infants is rejected by their mothers, the infants' self is divided into the grandiose one and the small one. The fragmentation of the self is formed by the unconscious negative evaluation. Shame creates many different psychological problems. There are many different issues to be involved in solving shame. In this sense, shame can be solved through a series of steps. The core components of its solution is to break fantasy and the ontological acceptance. Shame can be cured in the social context like individual and group counseling.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 수치심에 대한 이해와 해결을 위한 논문이다. 수치심은 자신의 존재를 부정적으로 평가함으로서 발생되는 감정이다. 즉 수치심은 작고 보잘 것 없으며 형편없다고 느끼는 감정이다. 수치심은 평가하는 사람의 존재, 평가하는 사람의 평가 틀, 평가하는 사람의 태도와 깊은 관련이 있다. 다른 사람들의 기준으로 자신의 존재를 부정적으로 평가할 때 수치심이 발생된다. 따라서 수치심은 사회적 맥락에서 발생된다. 발생된 수치심이 내면에 자리를 잡는다는 면에서 수치심은 심리적이다. 수치심은 인식이 되든 인식이 되지 않던 간에 존재하는 감정이라는 면에서 일정한 심리적 특성이다. 심리적 특성으로서 수치심은 완벽적 경향 즉 완전성을 반영한다. 수치심의 형성과 발달은 자기애적 상처와 완벽적 경향과 관련이 있다. 어린 시절 부모와 관계 속에서 자기애적 경향성이 상처를 입음으로서 수치심은 발생된다. 유아의 거대한 자기가 부모에 의해서 수용되지 않으면 유아는 거대한 자기와 초라한 자기로 파편화된다. 이러한 파편화 현상은 완전이라는 측면에서 유아가 자신을 무의식적으로 평가를 함으로서 발생된다. 수치심은 많은 심리적 문제들을 만들어낸다. 수치심을 치료하기 위해서는 관련된 여러 가지 주제들을 해결해야한다. 이런 의미에서 수치심의 치료는 여러 단계를 통해서 이루어진다. 수치심의 치료에 핵심적 요인들은 환상 깨기와 존재적 수용이다. 수치심의 치료는 개인 상담과 집단 상담이라는 사회적 맥락 속에서 이루어진다.

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