1. A physically-based model for urban fire spread, Himoto, K., Tanaka, T., 7th Int. Symposium on Fire Safety Science, , 2002
2. A heat conduction analog model of urban fire spread, Reitter, T. A, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, , 1983
3. A review of fire risk assessment methods in urban areas, Xiao-qian, F., (11), 1622, , 2021
4. Improving urban master plan by fire risk assessment—in, Huang, X., Liu, Y., He, Z., Zhai, G., of Shantou City, China, , 2015
5. Fire risk assessment in old urban areas: Coimbra old town, Correia, A., Meneses, S., Tavares, P., Correia, J., Santos, C., IFireSS 2017–2nd International Fire Safety Symposium, , 2017
6. Agent-Based Fire-Spreading Model in a Dense Urban Community, Bongolan, V., Asiddao, M., The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 46, 35-40, , 2021
7. Electrical fire prediction model study using machine learning, Moon, G. G., Hwang, D. H., Park, S. J., Ko, K. S., 11(6), 703-710, , 2018
8. FireCast: Leveraging deep learning to predict wildfire spread, Dan, E., David, R., Anna, H., Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Macao, China, 10–16, , 2019
9. Firecast: Leveraging Deep Learning to Predict Wildfire Spread, Radke, D., Ellsworth, D., Hessler, A., Paper presented at the IJCAI, , 2019
10. A novel kNN algorithm with data-driven k parameter computation, Deng, X., Zong, M., Deng, Z., Zhang, S., Cheng, D., 109, 44–54, , 2018
11. A spread-of-fire model for a large-scale urban fire simulation, Kobayashi, T., Mizukami, Y., Ikaruga, S., Nishikawa, H., Tadamura, K., Ohgai, A., Proc. of IWAIT, 346-350, , 2014
12. Application of artificial neural networks in civil engineering, Marijana, L., Ana, T.-G., Milos, K., Meri, C., 21, 1353 –1359, , 2014
13. Applications of artificial intelligence for disaster management, Davison, B. D., Sun, W., Bocchini, P., 103, 2631–2689, , 2020
14. Development of Fire Risk Assessment Index of Traditional Market, Kim, T., Lee, J., Lee, K., 20, 153-160, , 2020
15. Study on Urban Fire Risk Assessment Index System for Smart Cities, Sun, T., Lin, M., Fang, H., Liu, X., Wu, J., Sun, J., Paper presented at the 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), , 2019
16. Forecasting Fire Risk Using Simulation Based on Bayesian Inference, Koo, S. H., 22(2), 189-195, , 2015
17. Urban fire station layout assessment technology based on fire risk, Jun-jie, H., Jun-tao, Y., Fire Science and Technology,40(1), 130, , 2021
18. A comparative study on decision tree and random forest using R Tool, Prajwala, T. R., 4, 196–199, , 2015
19. A mathematical model of an urban fire-spread and computer simulation, Weizhang, H., Suochun, Z., Guangyao, L., Yiren, W., (1), 9, , 1993
20. An Analysis of the Fire Jurisdiction in Seoul using Voronoi polygons, Kim, D. S., Yoon, S. H., 31(5), 865-875, , 2020
21. Development and validation of a physics-based urban fire spread model, Tanaka, T., Himoto, K., (7), 477-494, , 2008
22. Recognition of the Risk of Heat Waves as a Disaster and Tasks for Seoul, Baek, J. S., Han, Y. G., Seoul Health Foundation. Seoul Health Air Health Policy Trends, 45, 1–9, , 2022
23. A Model for the Fire-Fighting Activity of Local Residents in Urban Fires, Himoto, K., Tanaka, T., 54, 154-166, , 2012
24. Machine learning method for image recognition-based fire detection system, Xia, X., Wan, X., Cai, J., Yan, K., Han, J., Zhang, B., Proceedings of the 6th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC), Chongqing, China, 2022 IEEE Publications: Piscataway, NJ, USA, , 2022
25. Effects of Climate Change on Natural-Caused Fire Activity in Western U. S., Arabi, M., Warziniack, T., Heidari, H., National Forests. Atmosphere, 12, 981, , 2021
26. Real-Time Forecast of Compartment Fire and Flashover Based on Deep Learning, Huang, X., Wang, Z., Wong, H. Y., Zhang, T., Tam, W. C., Xiao, F., 130, 103579, , 2022
27. Urban fire risk assessment and planning response based on multi-source data, Wang, A., Huang, C., Yu, H., Zhang, Q., Lu, L., ,31(3), 148-155, , 2021
28. Deep-Learning Based Real-Time Fire Detection Using Object Tracking Algorithm, Na, Y., Hyun, D., Park, D., Park, J., Lee, S. H., 27(1), 1-8, , 2022
29. Determination of Fire Risk Assessment Indicators for Building using Big Data, Ok, C. Y., An, J. H., Choi, Y. J., Joo, H. J., 22(3), 281-291, , 2022
30. Fire risk prediction using building information and machine learning methods, Kim, B. T., Yoon, D. W., Lee, J., Li, X., Pak, T. Y., Hwang, H., In Advances in Information and Communication; FICC 2022; Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Volume; Arai, K.Ed) Springer: Cham, Switzerland; Volume 438, pp. 22–30, , 2022
31. Forest Fire Occurrence Prediction in China Based on Machine Learning Methods, Chen, S., Zhao, Z., Feng, Z., Feng, Z., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Pang, Y., 14, 5546, , 2022
32. Fire Risk Assessment in Dense Urban Areas Using Information Fusion Techniques, Maleki, J., van L. Genderen, J., Masoumi, Z., ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(12), 579, , 2019
33. Precise risk assessment for fire and explosion in the urban regeneration area, KIM, Y., Ok, S., Hong, J.-W., Byun, G., Choi, Y., Park, D., Kim, S., The 33rd KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, , 2022
34. Guide for climate-resilient cities: An urban critical infrastructures approach, Labaka, L., Hernantes, H., Lomba-Fernández, L. F., Sustainability, 11(17), 4727, , 2019
35. Policy Suggestions for Minimizing the Dead Zone of the Disaster Safety in Korea, Lee, C. K., Kim, S., 16(3), 611-625, , 2020
36. A Study on City Fire Disaster using GIS - Using Kangnam District as an Example -, Choi, W. H., 34, 49-66, , 1999
37. Agent-based modeling of the spread of fire in urban settlements in the Philippines, Bardeloza, D. K. D., Buenaventura, A., Tangonan, G. L., Calgo, C. J., Libatique, N. J. C., Proceedings of the Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas, , 2020
38. Predicting transient building fire based on external smoke images and deep learning, Wu, X., Zhang, T., Wang, Z., Huang, X., 47, 103823, , 2022
39. The Risk Assessment of the Fire Occurrence According to Urban Facilities in Jinju-si, Won, T. H., Bae, G. H., Yoo, H. H., 24(1), 43-50, , 2016
40. A Study on the Risks Factors of Fire Occurrence and Expansion for Traditional Markets, Kim, J. G., Park, C. I., Jeong, J. U., Kim, S. G., 17(1), 60-67, , 2021
41. Activation functions: Comparison of trends in practice and research for deep learning, Ijomah, W., Nwankpa, C. E., Gachagan, A., Marshall, S., In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computational Sciences and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, December 17 –19, 2020; pp. 124–133, , 2020
42. An Intelligent Fire Learning and Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Jeon, M., Choi, K., Korea Information Processing Society (KIPS) Transactions on Software and Data Engineering (KTSDE), 5(11), 607-614, , 2016
43. Study on Urban Fire Station Planning Based on Fire Risk Assessment and GIS Technology, Cheng, X., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Pan, Y., Dong, X., Procedia Engineering, 211, 124-130, , 2018
44. Environmental Risk Assessment Using Neural Network in Liquefied Petroleum Gas Terminal, Kanidarapu, N., Gabhane, L. R., 11, 348, , 2023
45. Fire Risk Assessment of Electric bicycles Charging Facilities in Old Urban Communities, Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, Z., Power System and Green Energy ConferencePSGEC, , 2022
46. A Study on Convergence of Attribute Information of Building Objects for Fire Prediction, Ko, K. S., Cho, J. P., Ko, H. S., Kim, H. J., Chillo, G., 45(7), 1219-1227, , 2020
47. Simulation-Based Quantitative Risk Assessment of Fire in Urban Electrical Cable Tunnels, Lu, S., Zhang, J., Fang, H., Huang, D., Lo, S., 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection EngineeringICFSFPE, , 2019
48. Research on Fire Risk Assessment and Control Methods for Urban Bridges Based on Fuzzy-Bn, Yang, Z., Li, Z., Fan, Y., 12th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics AutomationICMTMA, , 2020
49. A Prediction Model of Casualties Based on Machine Learning for Selection of Fire Scenario, Lee, W., Park, B., Lee, Y., Seo, D., Kim, J., Song, H., 21, 165-173, , 2021
50. Analysis of property damage in case of fire according to factory building characteristics, Kim, S., Lee, J., Sohn D., Park, C., 23(2). 150-151, , 2023
51. Interpretable boosting tree ensemble method for multisource building fire loss prediction, Wang, N., Xu, Y., Wang, S., 225, 108587, , 2022
52. Mapping Forest Fire Risk Zones Using Machine Learning Algorithms in Hunan Province, China, Feng, Z., Tan, C., 15, 6292, , 2023
53. Fire Risk Assessment Models Using Statistical Machine Learning and Optimized Risk Indexing, Jun, S., Choi, M. Y., 10(12), 4199, , 2020
54. Simulation model of evacuation behavior in the fire-spread urban area following earthquake, Aoki, Y., Osaragi, T., Hashimoto, K., Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering; Japan, 440, , 1992
55. Smart performance-based design for building fire safety: Prediction of smoke motion via AI, Su, L., Wu, X., Zhang, X., Huang, X., 43, 102529, , 2021
56. A Study on the Residential Evacuation Safety Assessment Method Based on the Concept of Risk, Michigoe, Y., Ph. D. Thesis, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, , 2012
57. Characterization of Two Main Forest Cover Loss Transitions in North Korea from 1990 to 2020, Zhu, W., Zhu, J., Lee, D. K., Yin, Z., Cui, G., Jin, Y., 14, 1966, , 2023
58. Cross-validation for imbalanced datasets: Avoiding overoptimistic and overfitting approaches, Miriam, S. S., Jastin, P. S., Pedro, H. A., Helder, A., & Joao, S., 13, 59– 76, , 2018
59. Risk Assessment of Urban Fire— Method for the Analysis and Management of Existing Buildings, Gonçalves, M. C., Correia, A., Sustainable Construction: Building Performance Simulation and Asset and Maintenance Management, 71-91, , 2016
60. Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of Predictors of Fire Regimes in China from 2003 to 2016, Li, K., Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Jiao, K., Fletcher, T. L., Wang, W., Su, J., Lü, Q., 15, 4946, , 2023
61. Fire Risk Assessment of Urban Utility Tunnels Based on Improved Cloud Model and Evidence Theory, Yuan, Q., Wang, Y., Niu, Q., Hu, Y., (4), 2204, , 2023
62. Development of Automatic Modeling System for Simulation of Urban Spreading Fire in an Earthquake, Sawada, T., Terada, K., Tsujihara, O., , 297-307, , 2007
63. Human Factors in the Model of Urban Fire Spread in Madrid (Spain) Focused on the Poor Population, Fernández, M., Caro, R., Cantizano, A., Ayala, P., 14(8), 4486, , 2022
64. Modelling of wildland-urban interface fire spread with the heterogeneous cellular automata model, Fang, L., Wang, F., Meng, Q., Zheng, X., Jiang, W., Li, Z., Qiao, X., , 104895, , 2021
65. AI-Based Cognitive Framework for Evaluating Response of Concrete Structures in Extreme Conditions, Naser, M. Z., Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 81, 437-449, , 2019
66. Prediction Model of Borehole Spontaneous Combustion Based on Machine Learning and Its Application, Qi, Y., Wang, W., Cui, X., Liang, R., Xue, K., Fire, 6, 357, , 2023
67. Urban fire spread modelling and simulation using cellular automaton with extreme learning machine, Patac, J., Vicente, A., The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,42, 319-326, , 2019
68. A Study on the Risk Assessment Using Simulation and Case Study of Urban Fire - Focusing on Market -, Kwon, Y. J., Shin, Y. C., Koo, I. H., Fire Science and Engineering, 25(6), 1-7, , 2011
69. Real-Time Prediction of Structural Fire Responses: A Finite Element-Based Machine-Learning Approach, Hsu, S.-C., Ye, Z., Wei, H.-H., Automation in Construction, 136, 104165, , 2022
70. A novel hyperparameter-free approach to decision tree construction that avoids overfitting by design, Mancuso, V., Fernandez Anta, A., Casari, P., Garcia Leiva, R., IEEE Access, 7, 99978–99987, , 2019
71. Smart detection of fire source in tunnel based on the numerical database and artificial intelligence, Huang, X., Xiao, F., Li, A., Park, Y., Wu, X., Usmani, A., Fire Technology, 57, 657–682, , 2021
72. Cellular Automata Modeling of Fire Spread Based on Post-Earthquake Fire Risk Assessment of Urban Area, Zhao, J. P., Meng, X. J., Advanced Materials Research,368, 732-738, , 2012
73. Development of Fire Risk Prediction Model in Manufacturing Facilities Using Artificial Neural Network, Choi, W. I., Kim, Y. S., Jang, D. W., Jung, Y. S., Kim, G. H., 17, 161-167, , 2017
74. Physics-based modeling of fire spread in densely-built urban area and its application to risk assessment, Himoto, K., Tanaka, T., Monografías de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, Químicas y Naturales de Zaragoza(34), 87-104, , 2010
75. Pohang City Fire Vulnerable Area Prediction and Fire Damage Rating Measurement by Administrative District, Kim, H. J., Lim, J. H., 21(4), 166-176, , 2021
76. Parametric study of urban fire spread using an urban fire simulation model with fire department suppression, Li, S., Davidson, R. A., , 217-225, , 2013
77. Analysis of Fire Prediction Performance of Image Classification Models based on Convolutional Neural Network, Kong, M. S., Min, S. H., Roh, J. H., Fire Science and Engineering, 36(6), 70-77, , 2022
78. Empirical Application for the Urban Disaster Risk Assessment: Fire, Facility and Escape Cases in Cheongju City, Baek, K. Y., Lee, M. H., Kim, T. H., Ryu, E. L., Hwang, J. H., Hwang, H. Y., Park, B. H., 1(2), 123-137., , 2001
79. Fire risk assessment of historic urban Aggregates: an application to the Yungay neighborhood in Santiago, Chile, Rosas, J., de la Llera, J., Juliá, P. B., Palazzi, N., Monsalve, M., Ferreira, T., 103550, , 2023
80. Improved Classification of Fire Accidents and Analysis of Periodicity for Prediction of Critical Fire Accidents, Kim, C. W., Shin, D., 24(1), 56-65, , 2020
81. Improving the precision-recall trade-off in undersampling-based binary text categorization using unanimity rule, Erenel, Z., Altinçay, H., Neural Computing and Applications, 22, 83–100, , 2013
82. Development of a data-based machine learning model for classifying and predicting property damage caused by fire, Sohn, D., Park, C., Lee, J., Shin, J., Lee, J., 13(21), 11866, , 2023
83. Risk Analysis Model That Uses Machine Learning to Predict the Likelihood of a Fire Occurring at a Given Property, Surya, L., International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN, 2320-882, , 2017
84. Risk analysis model that uses machine learning to predict the likelihood of a fire occurring at A given property, Lakshmisri, S., International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 5, 959–962, , 2017
85. Multi-Stage Feature Selection Based Intelligent Classifier for Classification of Incipient Stage Fire in Building, Andrew, A.,, Saad, S. M. &, Shakaff, A. Y. M., Melvin, A.,, Zakaria, A.,, 16(1), 31, , 2016
86. A Study on the Development of a Fire Site Risk Prediction Model Based on Initial Information using Big Data Analysis, Jo, B., Kim, D. H., 17(2), 245-253, , 2021
87. Using Lidar-Derived Vegetation Profiles to Predict Time since Fire in an Oak Scrub Landscape in East-Central Florida, Angelo, J. J., Duncan, B. W., Weishampel, J. F., 2, 514–525, , 2010
88. A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Urban Fire and Its Relationship with the Spatiality of Urban Decline in Seoul, Kang, J. Y., Kim, S. J., Hwang, J. A., 10(3), 1-20, , 2020
89. Reducing wooden structure and wildland-urban interface fire disaster risk through dynamic risk assessment and management, Velle, L. G., Metallinou, M. M., Log, T., Vandvik, V., Applied System Innovation,3(1), 16, , 2020
90. Evaluation of urban disaster for Disaster Prevention and Public Safety Using Transformation Topsis Model and Maxmin Model, Yoon, S. B., Ryu, T. C., & Kim, H. B, 9(3), 1457-1469, , 2007
91. Fusion of Remotely-Sensed Fire-Related Indices for Wildfire Prediction through the Contribution of Artificial Intelligence, Sakellariou, S., Ntinopoulos, N., Sfougaris, A., Christopoulou, O., 15, 11527, , 2023
92. Urban Spatial Risk Assessment of Fire from Fueling Stations on Buildings Case Study: Lubaga Division, Kampala City, Uganda, Wadembere, I., Apaco, J., 8(01), 57, , 2020
93. Vulnerability analysis of fire evacuation at urban kampong using space syntax method, Penggilingan Jakarta as a case study, Rosyidah, A., Tambunan, L., Nurdini, A., IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1058, 012008, , 2022
94. Analytical Study on the Prediction of Fire Evacuation Time in Large Complex Buildings Using the Ensemble Learning Technique, Kim, H. K., Lee, D., 22(5), 9-17, , 2022
95. Modeling forest fire risk based on GIS-based analytical hierarchy process and statistical analysis in the Mediterranean region, Ömer, K., Fatih, S., 68, 101537, , 2022
96. Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Firefighting Operations via Deep Learning and Temperature Forecasting Modeling in Autonomous Unit, Ishola, A. A., Valles, D., 23, 4628, , 2023
97. Developing a risk assessment approach for forest fire at the rural-urban interface: potential of the wildfire threat analysis framework, McMorrow, J., Kazmierczak, A., Aylen, J., Final report, , 2014
98. Fire Risk Assessment on Wildland–Urban Interface and Adjoined Urban Areas: Estimation Vegetation Ignitability by Artificial Neural Network, Wittenberg, L., Brook, A., Kutiel, H., Mahamed, M., Fire,5(6), 184, , 2022
99. Machine Learning for Predicting Forest Fire Occurrence in Changsha: An Innovative Investigation into the Introduction of a Forest Fuel Factor, Wu, X., Tan, S., Zhang, G., Yang, Y., Pang, Z., Yang, Z., 15, 4208, , 2023
100. A simple model for predicting the smoke spread length during a fire in a shallow urban road tunnel with roof openings under natural ventilation, Tanaka, F., Yoshida, K., Ueda, K., Ji, J., , 103106, , 2021
101. Post-earthquake fire risk assessment of historic urban areas: A scenario-based analysis applied to the Historic City Centre of Leiria, Portugal, Juliá, P. B., Ferreira, T. M., Rodrigues, H., , 102287, , 2021
102. Assessing Fire Risk in Wildland–Urban Interface Regions Using a Machine Learning Method and GIS data: The Example of Istanbul’s European Side, Akpinar, K., Kocer, A., Akçal, A. N., Yilmaz, İ., Aksoy, E., 6, 408, , 2023
103. A High-Resolution Spatial Distribution-Based Integration Machine Learning Algorithm for Urban Fire Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Chengdu, China, Hao, Y., Chen, J., Wang, J., Li, M., Li, X., 12, 404, , 2023
104. A Coupled Framework of Cellular Automata-based Fire Spread Model and Water Distribution System for Dynamic Simulation of Urban Conflagration Events, Kanta, L., & Giacomoni, M., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, , 2013
105. Assessment of k-Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest Classifiers for Mapping Forest Fire Areas in Central Portugal Using Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Terra Imagery, Pacheco, A. d. P., Ruiz-Armenteros, A. M., Junior, J. A. d. S., Henriques, R. F. F., 13, 1345, , 2021
106. The Spatiotemporal Changing Dynamics of Miombo Deforestation and Illegal Human Activities for Forest Fire in Kundelungu National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sikuzani, Y. U., Mukenza, M. M., Malaisse, F., Kaseya, P. K., & Bogaert, J, 6, 174, , 2023
107. Simulation models for fire spread in urban area and their characteristics from urban structure point of view; Shigaichi kenchikubutsu no kosei to ensho jokyo no simulation, Itoigawa, E., Anzen Kogaku (Journal of Japan Society for Safety Engineering),36, , 1997
108. Development of a fire prediction model at the urban planning stage: Ordinary least squares regression analysis of the area of urban land use and fire damage data in South Korea, Bae, Y., Lim, D., Hong, W., Na, W., 136, 103761, , 2023
109. Analyzing the Measures of Decreasing Disaster Damage Through Assessing the Risk of Built Up Area - Focused on built-up areas (Sujeong-gu, jungwon-gu) of Seongnam City in Korea -, Lee, J. H., Park, C. U., 45(6), 191-208, , 2010
110. Fire Risk Assessment of Japanese Traditional Wooden District Based on Physics-Based Model for Urban Fire Spread a Study on Effectiveness of Fire Fighting Activities of Community Residents in Kyoto Sanneizaka District, Akimoto, Y., Ikuyo, K., Hokugo, A., Sugimoto, R., Himoto, K., Tanaka, T., 7, 110, , 2007