The history of Donghak anti-Japanese war has as yet been written mostly tainted with horrible defeatism, as influenced by the dominant materials left by the Japanese invading troops and by the then puppet Korean royal army, whereas Donghak army rarely...
The history of Donghak anti-Japanese war has as yet been written mostly tainted with horrible defeatism, as influenced by the dominant materials left by the Japanese invading troops and by the then puppet Korean royal army, whereas Donghak army rarely left written materials. The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better description of the history by proving that the detached forces of the Donghak army achieved victories at least in two battles, based on the testimonies of the descendants regarding anecdotes of their forefathers who participated in the battles in addition to a comparative research of the then historical materials.
Donghak soldiers holding primitive weapons like flintlocks or bamboo spears in hand were easily defeated by the Japanese invaders armed with modern weapons. However, the detached forces(別動隊), who were dispatched to the northwestern bay area of Chungcheong Province where two commanders of the local Donghak troops had just been killed, fought against the invaders by using Remington rifles taken from the royal army, and eventually achieved victories in the battles at Seungjeongok(勝戰谷). They also defeated the expeditious forces along the midstream of the Geum River, which eventually frustrated their will to head for Gongju the main battle field.
The commander of the detached forces happened to be the current writer(李相冕)’s grandfather Rhee Jong-Man(李鍾萬,1870-1956), who has not yet been well known in Korean history. He was born at Cheongju(淸州) but grew up at Neungju(綾州) Cheolla Province, where his father worked as local government official. His family soon moved to a remote mountainous area near Songnisan(俗離山), where he received training in Donghak martial arts. He also worked with Donghak top leaders, and later associated with Jeon Bong-Jun(全琫準), the supreme commander of the Donghak revolutionary army. Rhee was soon appointed as commander by the local Donghak chieftain Park In-Ho(朴寅浩) in the northwestern bay area.
Thus the nearly forgotten history of commander Rhee Jong-Man of the detached forces has been saved. It has not only rekindled the necessity for a comparative research of the then written materials but also the significance of testimonies by the descendants of the participants in the war. It is desirable that the history of Donghak anti-Japanese war should be better described through composite studies with newly digged-up materials such as testimonies by the descendants.