분별(kalpanā)의 정의 : 쁘라즈냐까라굽따(Prajñākaragupta)를 중심으로 = Prajñākaragupta’s Definition of kalpanā

국문 초록 (Abstract)

불교인식론논리학 전통에서 분별은 인간의 인식과 언어의 문제로 다루어진다. 이 학파의 창시자로 알려져 있는 디그나가 (Dignāga ca. 480-540)는 분별을 ‘명칭이나 종 등을 결합하는 것’으로 정의함으로써 대상을 명칭 등과 결합 될 때에만 언어적으로 표현될 수 있는 것으로 한정한다. 다르마끼르띠 (Dharmakīrti ca. 600-660)는 분별을 ‘언어표현을 갖는 지(知)’ 혹은 ‘언어표현과 결합 가능한 현현을 갖는 지’로 정의함으로써 언어와 결합하지 않고 외계의 실재에 간접적으로 기반하고 있는 지를 인정하고 실천적인 효용의 의미를 함축시킨다. 쁘라즈냐까라굽따 (Prajñākaragupta ca. 780-840)는 분별을 ‘한정요소 등과 결합하는 대상의 현현을 갖는 지(知)’ 로 정의함으로써 분별도 분별의 대상도 동일한 지라는 유형상지식론의 관점에서 분별의 본질적인 원인은 외계의 실재하는 대상이 아니라 지 내부의 인식이라는 점을 분명히 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Prajñākaragupta defined conception as a cognition displaying something that is connected to the qualifier, etc. (viśesanādisambandhavastupratibhāsā pratītih kalpanā). The definition has a slightly different meaning from Dignāga’s definition according to which conception consists in the association with a name, a genus, etc. (nāmajātyādiyojanā) and Dharmakīrti’s statement to the effect that conception is a cognition which can be associated with a verbal designation (abhilāpasamsargayogyapratibhāsā pratītih kalpanā). It is implied by the definition to he’s "the epistemological theory of having an apearance" explaining the yogācāra on the basis of self cognition. For instance, in his opinion, conception’s apearance is formed by vasanā, not an external something or sāmānya. Prajñākaragupta also defined conception as the apprehension of what can be associated with something. And like Dharmakīrti, he thinks that the qualifier, the qualified and their connection do not exist in reality. There is also a definition according to which conception is caused by a word, and vice versa. According to Prajñākaragupta, the above definition support the fact that the definition of perception (i.e., ‘being devoid of conception’ kalpanāpodha) is established by means of self-cognition. Prajñākaragupta analyses conception theory in terms of the yogācāra school that it is bases upon internal cognition not external something to decide if an object of conception and linguistic item is real or not real.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 분별의 언어적 기능
• Ⅲ. 분별의 대상
• Ⅳ. 분별의 인식구조
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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