악한 본보기에서 선한 본보기로: 소설의 발생과 『 로빈슨 크루소』 = The Rise of the Novel and Dis-/Example in Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) through the lens of Lennard J. Davis’s double discourse of a criminal—as a dis-example to be avoided and, simultaneously, as an example to be imitated. Briefly but effectively, this study also examines and compares the popularity of the novel in eighteenth-century Britain with that of the web novel in twenty-first-century South Korea: The former can be deciphered as a literary and cultural response to socio-cultural changes in the era, characterized by the decline in patronage, changes in the location of reading, the rise of literacy, the growth of the print market, and the extension of readership; the latter can be depicted as a new form of literary response and a cultural phenomenon that mirrors the technological shift triggered/accelerated by the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The phenomenon of the emergence of the novel embodies changes/revolutions in eighteenth-century British society/culture. Despite the novel’s popularity as entertainment, and/or because of its immense popularity among the young, novel-reading was regarded as morally dangerous, exerting harmful effects on readers. As a new form of media culture and print entertainment, the novel in early eighteenth-century Britain engendered the anti-novel discourse. Structured on the Christian pattern of disobedience, punishment, repentance, and deliverance, Robinson Crusoe, the novel itself, and the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, are regenerated from a dis-example to an example, by which it not only subverts the condemnation of the effects of the novel on readers, but also recognizes and supports Christian values and the divine order. Crusoe’s transformation from dis-example to example overthrows the concerns imposed by the anti-novel discourse and bolsters power to religious authority.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김경애, "한국 웹소설 독자의 특성 연구" 한국산학기술학회 22 (22): 551-558, 2021

2 조수연 ; 오하영, "웹소설 키워드를 통한 이용 독자 내적 욕구 및 특성 파악" 한국정보통신학회 24 (24): 158-165, 2020

3 조경래, "웹소설 이용자들의 팬덤 문화와 유희 체험에 대한 미디어 비오그라피 연구" 중앙대학교 2019

4 강준수, "『베오울프』를 통해 본 서양문명의 자연의 타자화 고찰" 한국동서비교문학학회 (47) : 7-43, 2019

5 Davis, Nicholas., "What Is the Fourth Industrial Revolution?"

6 Watt, Ian, "The Rise of the Novel" U of California P 2001

7 Hunter, J., "The Reluctant Pilgrim : Defoe’s Emblematic Method and Quest for Form in Robinson Crusoe" The Johns Hopkins P 1966

8 Richetti, John, "The Cambridge Companion to the Eighteenth Century Novel" Cambridge UP 1996

9 Print. Thell, Anne M., "The Aesthetics of Mental Illness in Defoe’s Crusoe Trilogy" 71 (71): 709-728, 2019

10 Defoe, Daniel., "Robinson Crusoe" Norton 1994

11 Hunter, J., "Richetti, Cambridge Companion" 9-40,

12 Richetti, John, "Richetti, Cambridge Companion" 1-8,

13 Bolker, Jamie, "Lost at Sea : Robinson Crusoe and the Art of Navigation" 53 (53): 589-606, 2020

14 Warner, William B., "Licensing Entertainment: The Elevation of Novel Reading in Britain, 1684-1750" U of California P 1998

15 장민지, "IP 비즈니스 기반의 웹 소설 활성화 방안" 17 (17): 1-220, 2018

16 Davis, Lennard J., "Factual Fictions : The Origins of the English Novel" U of Pennsylvania P 1997

17 Hammond, J. R., "Defoe’s Companion" Rowman & Littlefield 1993

18 Starr, G. A., "Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography" Gordian P 1971

19 Downie, J. A. Defoe, "Critical Essays on Daniel Defoe" G. K. Hall 78-96, 1997

20 Richetti, John, "Critical Essays on Daniel Defoe" G. K. Hall 121-138, 1997

21 Damrosch, Leopold, Jr., "Critical Essays on Daniel Defoe" G. K 155-180, 1997

22 Hunter, J. Paul, "Before Novels: The Cultural Contexts of Eighteenth Century English Fiction" W. W. Norton 1990

23 Oxfam, "An Economy for the 1%"

24 이정열, "2020 웹소설 이용자 실태조사" 20 (20): 1-230, 2020