『화학물질관리법』의 전면 개정(안)에 관한 고찰 = A Study on the Full Amendment of “Toxic Chemicals Control Act” into “Chemicals Control Act”

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The invention of Nylon by DuPont Company in 1938 was regarded as a blessing that chemistry would bring to the mankind, being praised as “the fiber of dream” that is thinner than a spider web but stronger than a steel wire. However, it always comes with a risk that threats the life of a human being. For example, 65 were poisoned by the hydrogen chloride leak at Yeosu Industrial Park in 2005, and 16 people were killed or injured at the phenol leak in Kimcheon in 2008. Eight tonnes of hydrofluoric acid was accidently released on September 27, 2012 at the Hube Global plant. The leak killed five people, injured 18 others, and affected about 12,000 residents with damages estimated at 55.4 billion won including 237.9ha of contaminated land and 3,209 of sickened livestock. Following the accident, another hydrofluoric acid was released on January 15, 2013 at the LCD factory in Cheongju, which left some workers with a burn on their faces and affected some residents. It was followed by the hydrofluoric acid leak on January 30, 2013 at Samsung Semiconductor Hwaseung plant in Kyeonggi-do, which claimed one life and injured four others. The advancement of technology bring convenience to people at a risk of the loss of life and assets. The German sociologist Ulirch Beck coined the term ‘Risk Society (Risikogesellschaft)’ and pointed out that the world should not only focus on the advancement and use of technology but needs to have more thoughts about it. Chemical accidents can cause a severe damage over a short time due to a possible explosion. Prevention and preparation in advance become important for a chemical accident, and a prompt restoration plan after an accident should be in place. However, the current ‘Toxic Chemicals Control Act’ has a loophole to promptly counteract Gumi hydrofluoric acid leak, Sangju hydrochloric acid accident, Cheongju hydrofluoric acid leak, and Hwasung hydrofluoric acid leak. The act enacted on February, 1991 came to be required for amendment in an overall scale. The 19th national assembly passed the bill of ‘Chemicals Control Act’ on May, 2013 which is an amendment of ‘Toxic Chemicals Control Act’. The main change of the amended ‘Chemicals Control Act’ include: the title was changed from ‘Toxic Chemicals Control Act’; any chemical accident shall be reported immediately; punishment of the failure of such report is strengthened; Off-site Consequence Analysis on chemical accident is introduced; some regulations were softened including that penalties substitute to the suspension of operation shall be less than 5/100 of the sales revenues of the business in question, but a company that owns a single work site shall not have a penality that exceeds 25/1000 of its sales revenues. The previous law stipulated that any violation of a subcontractor will be considered as that of a contractor’s, when a handling of toxic chemicals was contracted out. The amended bill softened the provision and exempted the application of penality to a contractor. Instead, it has strengthened other provisions on the management of a toxic chemicals-related businesses, overhauling the system to prevent and counteract a chemical-related accident.

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