아동의 수줍음 경향, 면담자의 사회적지지, 출처 감찰 훈련이스트레스적 사건에 대한 아동의 자유 회상 보고에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of Children’s Shyness, Interviewer’s Social Support, and Source Monitoring Training on Children’s Free Recall of a Stressful Event

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explored the effects of interviewers’ social support and cognitive training on the accuracy of children’s memory of a potentially stressful event. Children (N = 128) aged 3-12 years, who were scheduled to undergo a minor dental procedure participated in the study. Overall, the results of this study were consistent with and extended the findings of previous studies that social support improved the accuracy of children’s source monitoring. Younger children were more easily influenced by an interviewer’s social support than older children. Furthermore, for children who were evaluated as relatively more shy than others in the same-age group, the accuracy of their report improved considerably when an interviewer provided social support. By creating a naturalistic situation (i.e., dental operative procedure), this study was able to identify significant variables that affect the way children report stressful experiences and found out ways in which the reliability of the children’s reports might be facilitated by a supportive interviewer. The findings provided detailed information about the internal and external factors contributing to children’s motivation and ability to give a reliable report of a stressful event. The results of the present study will be particularly helpful in providing guidelines for interviewing children in legal settings.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동의 자유 회상 보고에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 요인들 중에서 아동의 내적 요인과 환경적 요인의 영향을 실험실을 벗어난 상황을 이용하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 불안이나 긴장, 스트레스와 같은 부정적 정서가 자연스럽게 유발되는 치과 진료를 경험한 아동들을 대상으로 면담자의 사회적 지지와 출처 감찰 훈련 그리고 아동의 기질적 특성이 자유 회상 보고의 정확성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과 면담자의 사회적 지지는 부정적 경험에 대한 아동의 자유 회상, 즉 면담자의 개방적 질문에 따른 자발적 보고 수준을 향상 시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부정적 사건에 대한 아동의 기억 역시 선행 연구의 결과와 동일하게 미취학 아동들은 취학 아동보다 면담자의 사회적 지지에 상대적으로 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났고, 미취학 아동에게 기대되지 못했던 출처 감찰 훈련의 효과도 면담자의 사회적 지지가 제공되는 조건에서는 유의미하게 증가되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 면담자의 사회적 지지와 출처 감찰 훈련이 기질적으로 수줍음이 높은 아동에게 더 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 부정적 정서가 유발된 사건에 대한 아동 기억의 정확성이 면담자의 태도와 인지 훈련에 의해 달라질 수 있음을 증명함과 동시에 아동의 기질적 특성에 따라서도 상이할 수 있음을 함의한다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 진술 조사 맥락에서 피해 아동의 수줍음 특성을 고려한 차별화된 면담 실시와 면담자 태도의 중요성에 대해 논의 하였다.

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