조선 후기 “주자주의(朱子主義)”의 동향과 이용후생(利用厚生) 개념의 부상 = Neo-Confucian Trends: The Rise of Iyonghusaeng in the Late Joseon Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Neo-Confucianism of the 17th century represented an ideological blueprint for a new society. The Noron(老論) scholars did their best to reconcile the conceptual contradictions of Chu Hsi`s writings, trying to make neo-Confucianism into an infallible ideology. Thus, by setting up a temporal space of neo-Confucianism, they sought to provide a base for the revival of a new Confucian civilization at a time when Joseon was confronting the Ching dynasty. However, ideological cracks began to appear in neo-Confucianism during the 18th century. The so-called `` Ho-rak`` debate among the Noron scholars was an attack on the concepts of Chu Hsi, using those very concepts themselves. Some scholars questioned the temporal space of neo-Confucianism, and even cast doubts on the absolute value of Confucian civilization. The rise of Iyonghusaeng(利用厚生) shows this change well. This term had appeared from time to time in King Yeongjo`s reign, but its usage increased rapidly during King Jeongjo`s reign. The circulation of money, technical improvements, and the expansion of trade were all promoted in the name of Iyonghusaeng. Some scholars went so far as to insist that European engineers should be invited into Joseon to improve material conditions. The concept of Iyonghusaeng underwent a conservative shift after King Sunjo`s reign, and was less often used, but it returned to favor again after about 60 years, during the reign of King Kojong. At this time, however, the concept of Iyonghusaeng became more malleable, accomodating the ongoing processes of westernization and modernization.

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