서양 고지도에 나타난 東海 표기에 관한 연구 = A Study on the East Sea (Donghae) in the Werstern Old Map

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Mountains, rivers, and seas did not have any names in the ancient times. However, with the development of culture, people began to name these areas. The names of each mountain, river, and sea reflect a cultural heritage as well as the values of the people who lived around them.
It is noted that due to the fact that Korea was a peninsula, surrounded with three sides water, the people of Korea were interested in the sea, and they named the coastal waters based on directions such as east, west, south, north and center. They called the seas the East Sea (Donghae in Korean), the West Sea (Seohae in Korean), and the South Sea (Namhae in Korean),
The name 'East Sea' first appeared during the reign of King Dongmyeong in the 'History of the Koguryo Kingdom' in the History of the Three Kingdoms. The three Kingdoms - SilIa, Koguryo, and Baekje - were established in BC 57, 37, and 18 respectively, while the East Sea was recognized since BC 59 before the establishment of the three Kingdoms. The East Sea has a long history in Korea.
The name of the East Sea was changed into the japan Sea, because of japanese rule in Korea. japan alterated it into the japan Sea. To show this historical fact, I have analyzed the Western old maps. Regarding these maps, the Univ, of Southern California holds 146, the National Library of France 127, History Museum of Seoul 82, and individuals 52 respectively. I have used 407 maps in order to do this work.
The name of the East Sea first appeared in the map made by Dourado in 1571, in which Korea was described as 'Comrai'. Then, Korea was mentioned as a round island and as 'Corea' in the map of 'East India' made by Langeren in 1595. Instead of Korea, the name, 'Cory', was written in the map, which was made by Teisera and published by Ortelius in 1595.
Among the Western old maps we can see the first appearance of the East Sea in the map of 'Asia' made in 1597, in which the East Sea was described as 'The Eastern or Corea Sea'. 6 years later, the name of the 'japan Sea' also showed in the World Map made by Matteo Ricci in 1603. According to japanese, the name of the "japan Sea" was not used within the nation, but used first abroad and the map made by Matteo Ricci was its first example. But I have found the fact that the name of 'the East Sea' was used earlier than that of 'the japan Sea' in the Western maps as well.
Particularly, until 18th century the name of the 'the East Sea' appeared in the maps predominated in contrast with 'the japan Sea. That is to say, the former is 190, the latter 8. However, in the 19th century the number of the maps, in which the name of the japan Sea showed, increased because of the influence of the map made by La Pe'rouse Further, the cases of the name 'the japan Sea' used in the maps grew more than before in the 20th century, since japan made Korea her colony in 1910. Thus, I have reached the conclusion that among 409 maps the East Sea appeared in 298 maps, but the japan Sea in 109 maps. Put it another, 73.2% belongs to the former, only 26.8% the latter. It is very clear that the frequency of the name of the East Sea in use was predominantly higher than that of the japan Sea in the Western old maps.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 우리 나라의 동해 인식
• 3. 서양 고지도에 나타난 동해
• 4. 맺음말
• <註>
• Abstract