Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia lamblia in Cattle in Jiangxi Province, China: Novel Assemblage E Subtypes Identified

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Giardia lamblia is a common enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases. There are some reports of G. lamblia infection among different breeds of cattle in recent years worldwide. However, it is yet to know whether cattle in Jiangxi province, southeastern China is infected with G. lamblia. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and examine the multilocus genotypes of G. lamblia in cattle in Jiangxi province. A total of 556 fecal samples were collected from 3 cattle breeds (dairy cattle, beef cattle, and buffalo) in Jiangxi province, and the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia were determined by the nested PCR amplification of the beta-giardin (bg) gene. A total of 52 samples (9.2%) were positive for G. lamblia. The highest prevalence of G. lamblia was detected in dairy cattle (20.0%), followed by that in beef cattle (6.4%), and meat buffalo (0.9%). Multilocus sequence typing of G. lamblia was performed based on sequences of the bg, triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase loci, and 22, 42, and 52 samples were amplifiable, respectively, forming 15 MLGs. Moreover, one mixed G. lamblia infection (assemblages A and E) was found in the present study. Altogether, 6 novel assemblage E subtypes (E41*-E46*) were identified for the first time. These results not only provided baseline data for the control of G. lamblia infection in cattle in this southeastern province of China, but also enriched the molecular epidemiological data and genetic diversity of G. lamblia in cattle.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Ryan U, "Zoonotic potential of Giardia" 43 : 110-140, 2013

2 Feng YY, "Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and Giardiasis" 24 : 110-140, 2011

3 Abdel-Moein KA, "The zoonotic potential of Giardia intestinalis assemblage E in rural settings" 115 : 3197-3202, 2016

4 Saitou N, "The neighbor-joining method : a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees" 4 : 406-425, 1987

5 Thompson JD, "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface : flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools" 25 : 4876-4882, 1997

6 Zhang XX, "Prevalence, risk factors and multilocus genotyping of Giardia intestinalis in dairy cattle, Northwest China" 63 : 498-504, 2016

7 Mahato MK, "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy cattle of Chitwan. Nepal" 42 : 122-126, 2018

8 Mahato MK, "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal" 42 : 122-126, 2018

9 Wang SS, "Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pigs of Shaanxi Province, northwestern China" 10 : 490-, 2017

10 Huang J, "Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in deer in Henan and Jilin, China" 11 : 239-, 2018

11 Wang G, "Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in 1–2-month-old highland yaks in Qinghai Province, China" 117 : 1793-1800, 2018

12 Feng Y, "Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in preweaned dairy calves in Guangdong, China" 12 : 41-, 2019

13 Inpankaew T, "Prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle from northern and northeastern part of Thailand" 60 : 459-461, 2015

14 Nguyen ST, "Prevalence and first genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in beef calves in Vietnam" 48 : 837-841, 2016

15 Chen D, "Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in black-boned sheep and goats in southwestern China" 12 : 102-, 2019

16 Zhong Z, "Occurrence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned dairy calves in central Sichuan province, China" 25 : 45-, 2018

17 Minetti C, "Occurrence and diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in livestock in the UK" 61 : 60-67, 2014

18 Xie SC, "Occurrence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Yunnan Black Goats in China" 2018 : 4601737-, 2018

19 Cacciò SM, "Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B" 38 : 1523-1531, 2008

20 Wegayehu T, "Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from calves in Oromia Special Zone, Central Ethiopia" 43 : 281-288, 2016

21 Wang H, "Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Henan, China" 9 : e100453-, 2014

22 Zahedi A, "Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in humans in Queensland-first report of assemblage E" 144 : 1154-1161, 2017

23 Kiani-Salmi N, "Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in cattle, sheep and goats in an arid area of central Iran" 75 : 104021-, 2019

24 Fan Y, "Molecular investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-and post-weaned calves in Hubei Province, China" 10 : 519-, 2017

25 Thompson RCA, "Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections" 40 : 315-323, 2016

26 Azcona-Gutiérrez JM, "Molecular diversity and frequency of the diarrheagenic enteric protozoan Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a hospital setting in northern Spain" 12 : e0178575-, 2017

27 Malekifard F, "Molecular detection and identification of Giardia duodenalis in cattle of Urmia, northwest of Iran" 9 : 81-85, 2018

28 Yu F, "Molecular characterization of three intestinal protozoans in hospitalized children with different disease backgrounds in Zhengzhou, central China" 12 : 543-, 2019

29 Wang R, "Infection patterns, clinical significance, and genetic characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Jiangsu, China" 118 : 3053-3060, 2019

30 Lee YJ, "Identification of zoonotic Giardia duodenalis in Korean native calves with normal feces" 117 : 1969-1973, 2018

31 Lee YJ, "Identification of zoonotic Giardia duodenalis in Korean native calves with normal feces" 117 : 1969-1973, 2018

32 Fantinatti M, "Identification of Giardia lamblia assemblage E in human points to a new anthropozoonotic cycle" 214 : 1256-1259, 2016

33 Wang X, "High genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E in pre-weaned dairy calves in Shanghai, China, revealed by multilocus genotyping" 116 : 2101-2110, 2017

34 Roegner AF, "Giardia infection and Trypanosoma cruzi exposure in dogs in the Bosawás biosphere reserve, Nicaragua" 16 : 512-522, 2019

35 Hogan JN, "Giardia in mountain gorillas(Gorilla beringei beringei), forest buffalo(Syncerus caffer), and domestic cattle in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda" 50 : 21-30, 2014

36 Li J, "Giardia duodenalis Infections in Humans and other animals in China" 8 : 2004-, 2017

37 Lalle M, "Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes" 35 : 207-213, 2005

38 Cui Z, "Genetic characteristics and geographic segregation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle from Guangdong Province, southern China" 66 : 95-100, 2018

39 Wang T, "First survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in diarrhoeic children from Wuhan, China" 51 : 127-131, 2017

40 Zhang HJ, "First report of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in Zangxiang pigs from China" 118 : 2305-2310, 2019

41 Bartley PM, "Detection of potentially human infectious assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in fecal samples from beef and dairy cattle in Scotland" 146 : 1123-1130, 2019

42 Burland TG, "DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software" 132 : 71-91, 2000

43 Maddox-Hyttel C, "Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different age groups of Danish cattle and pigs—occurrence and management associated risk factors" 141 : 48-59, 2006

44 Naguib D, "Age patterns of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in dairy calves in Egypt" 67 : 736-741, 2018

45 Bartelt LA, "Advances in understanding Giardia : determinants and mechanisms of chronic sequelae" 7 : 62-, 2015

46 Di Piazza F, "A study on occupational exposure of Sicilian farmers to Giardia and Cryptosporidium" 54 : 212-217, 2013