중·소형 소각로의 대기 배출 허용 기준과 방지 기술의 효율에 관한 연구 = A Study on Pollution Control Facilities Efficiency and Permissible Discharge Standards of middle-small Incinerator

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 기설치되어 가동되고 있는 소형소각로 4기와 중형소각로 4기등 총 8기를 임의 선정하여 투입폐기물 소각시 대기중으로 배출되는 오염물질의 농도, 배출허용기준과 방지시설효율을 파악코자 97년 1월부터 97년 12월까지 1연에 걸쳐 STACK SAMPLER 및 GAS SAMPLER등으로 측정 분석하였다. 연구결과 中·소형 소각로의 측정농도는 모두 대기배출허용기준 이하로 양호한 상태였으나, 방지시설의 효율은 각 성능에 비하여 최적의 상태는 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 또한 현장조사로 나타난 문제점은 소형소각로의 경우 투입 폐기물이 가스상 오염물질을 발생하는 폐기물을 소각하는 경우도 있었으나, 가스상 오염물질을 저감할 수 있는 방지시설을 대부분 설치하지 않았으며, 따라서 주변환경오염 및 소각로 자체의 부식 등이 우려되었다. 소형소각로를 설치한 4개업소의 분석결과는 먼지 28.5∼88.5mg/S㎥, CO 85.8∼290.9ppm, SOx 불검출∼18.2ppm, NOx 10.05∼22.4ppm, HCl 1.66∼28.5ppm로 나타나 배출 허용기준을 초과하지 않는 양호한 상태를 보였고, 100㎏/hr이상의 중형소각로를 설치한 4개 업소의 분석결과도 먼지 27.7∼77.55mg/S㎥, CO 109.3∼346.2ppm, SOx 30∼41ppm, NOx 11.1∼41.5ppm, HCl 4.0∼12.4ppm로 나타나 배출허용기준을 초과하지 않는 양호한 상태를 보였다. 중·소형 소각로의 최저치와 최고치에 따른 농도비교를 한 결과 CO, SOx, NOx 등 가스유의 농도는 소형보다 중형에서 다소 높은 상태를 보이고 있었으며, HCl과 먼지는 소형보다 중형에서 다소 저감된 상태를 보이고 있어, 이를 통하여 볼 때 가스유를 저감하기위해 설치된 중형소각로에서의 효율은 HCl에서 저감효과를 나타낼뿐 CO, SOx, NOx 가스는 별다른 저감효과를 보이지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 먼지의 경우 방지시설 효율면에서 볼 때 소형보다는 방지시설이 1,2,3차로 설계된 중형에서 그 저감폭이 높게 나타났다.
반면 CO의 경우 폐기물 투입량이 많은 중형소각로에서 농도가 더 높게 나왔으며, 중·소형 모두 방지시설 효율과는 무관하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this research four of small incinerator, four of middle incinerator were chosen to investigate concentration of gas which was eminated and pollution control facilities from Janury to December, 1997, with Stack Sampler and Gas Sampler. Both of incinerator were operated below the Permissible Discharge Standards. But efficiency of Pollution Control Facilities were not in best condition. The problems which were found during the field test were these small incinerator usually don't have control facilities of polluted gas even though they incinerate solid wastes which contain gaseous pollution substances. So it will cause the corruption of incinerator itself and contaminate around of it. Small incinerators (capacity below 100kg/hr) just had cyclone(efficiency 50^) and middle incinerators(capacity above 100kg/hr) usually had three steps
facility(Cyclone-Semo-dry/dry Scrubber-Bag Filter/E·P). The analysis result of four companys which use small incinerator was Dust 28.5∼88.5mg/S㎥, CO 85.5∼290.9ppm, SOx 0∼18.2ppm, NOx 10.05∼22.4ppm, HCl 1.66∼28.5ppm. These analysis result of four company which use middle incinerator was Dust 27.7∼77.55mg/S㎥, CO 109.3∼346.2ppm, SOx 30∼41ppm, NOx 11.1∼41.5ppm, HCl 4.0∼12.4ppm. Also these data were all below the Permissible Discharge Standards So all small-middle incinerator were operated adequately. Compare small incinerators with middle incinerators, concentration of CO, SOx, NOx was lower than that of middle incinerators but HCl, Dust was higher than that of middle incinerator. It means facilities which were established in middle incinerator to reduce gas just work in HCl, but not in CO, SOx, NOx. In case of Dust middle incinerator's decrease efficiency was better than small incinerator but CO's decrease efficiency was worse than small incinerator. Both of incinerators were not
concern with efficiency of Pollution Control Facilities. The analysis result of middle incinerator-6 which use Cyclone, Scrubber, Bag Filter and incinerator-8 which use Cyclone, Scrubber, E·P during one year by month show that the concentration of Dust, SOx, NOx was stable. So it's easy to get Permissible Discharge Standard but concentration of CO was changeable.
In case of efficiency of Pollution Control Facilities, middle incinerator-8 which use Cyclone, Scrubber, E·P was better than middle incinerator-6 which use Cyclone, Scrubber, Bag Filter. Middle incinerator-8's NOx concentration was 121.7ppm in October, it seems control condition was changed. So it need the countermeasure of rational control and management.