Report . 722-583 , Making solar laws work: a study of state solar incentives, v.2

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1.0 Introduction and Outline of Report = 1
• 1.1 Changing Federal-State Relationships in Energy = 1
• 1.2 State and Federal Policy Concerns in Solar and Renewable Energy = 2
• 1.3 Outline of the Report = 3
• 2.0 The State Role in Solar Energy Development = 5
• 2.1 The Traditional State Role in Energy Prior to 1973 : Taxation and Regulation = 5
• 2.2 States as Administrators of Federal Policy = 6
• 2.3 State Roles in EnerLrv Following the 1973 Oil Embargo = 7
• 2.3.1 The States as Innovators in Energy Policy = 7
• 2.3.2 The States as Implementors of Federal Energy Policy = 8
• 3.0 Overview of Research Approach and Study Design = 11
• 3.1 Introduction = 11
• 3.2 Relevance to the Department of Energy and State Energy Policy Makers = 11
• 3.3 General Framework = 13
• 3.4 Factors Affecting Implementation = 15
• 3.5 Research Approach and Study Design = 17
• 3.6 Data Collection and Data Sources = 20
• 3.7 Analysis Plan = 21
• 4.0 Overview and Expectations : State Solar Financial Incentives = 23
• 4.1 Introduction = 23
• 4.2 The Rationale for Governments to Employ Incentives = 23
• 4.3 The Effect of Financial Incentives on the Costs of Solar Units = 25
• 4.4 Expectations of the Impacts of Financial Incentives on Solar Purchases = 26
• 4.5 Effects of the National Energy Act Provisions on State Solar Programs = 27
• 4.5.1 Financial Impact of Federal Versus State Credits = 27
• 4.5.2 Implementation of the Tax Credit = 28
• 4.5.3 Complementary Federal and State Tax Credits = 28
• 4.6 Evaluating the Effect of Financial Incentives = 29
• 4.7 Measurement of Implementation Processes and Outcomes = 29
• 4.8 Measurement Problems and Data Limitations = 30
• 4.9 Measures of Implementation Success : Financial Programs = 31
• 5.0 Description of Solar Financial Incentive Programs = 33
• 5.1 Introduction = 33
• 5.2 Implementing Agency Setting = 33
• 5.3 Program Resources and Activity = 34
• 5.4 Formulating Financial Incentive Legislation = 36
• 5.4.1 Energy Agency Push = 37
• 5.4.2 Legislative Push = 37
• 5.4.3 Weak Legislative Push = 38
• 5.5 Legislative Specificity = 38
• 5.6 Development of Rules and Regulations Governing Eligibility for Solar income Tax Credits = 39
• 6.0 Effects of State Background Conditions on Implementation of Financial Incentive Programs = 43
• 6.I Introduction = 43
• 6.2 Background Factors Likely to Affect Implementation of Financial Incentives = 43
• 6.3 Analytical Procedure = 43
• 6.4 Background Characteristics and the Implementation of Financial Incentives = 44
• 6.5 Differences in Characteristics of Study and Nonstudy States = 45
• 7.0 Effects of Organizational and Administrative Factors on Implementation of State Solar Financial Programs = 47
• 7.1 Introduction = 47
• 7.2 Implementing Different Financial Incentives : An Overview = 47
• 7.2.1 Income Tax Incentives = 50
• 7.2.2 Property Tax Incentives = 51
• 7.2.3 Sales and Use Tax = 52
• 7.2.4 Loans = 53
• 7.2.5 Business Tax Credits = 54
• 7.2.6 Summary = 55
• 7.3 The Implementation Setting = 55
• 7.3.1 State Political Issues and Priorities = 55
• 7.3.2 Legislative Oversight = 57
• 7.3.3 Program Audits = 57
• 7.4 Factors Influencing Level of Effort in Financial58 Incentive Programs = 58
• 7.5 Factors Influencing Administrative Costs = 59
• 7.6 Factors Influencing Implementation Outcomes = 60
• 7.7 Summary = 61
• 8.0 Overview and Expectations : State Solar Research, Development, and Demonstration Programs = 65
• 8.1 Rationale for Government Support of RD&D = 65
• 8.2 The State Role in R&D = 66
• 8.3 Review of State Solar Energy RD&D Initiatives, 1974-1979 = 67
• 8.4 Measuring the Implementation of RD&D Programs = 70
• 8.5 Measurement of Implementation Processes and Outcomes = 71
• 8.6 Measures of Implementation Success : RD&D Programs = 72
• 9.0 Description of RD&D Programs in Selected States = 73
• 9.1 Introduction = 73
• 9.2 Program Resources and Funding = 73
• 9.3 Institutional Setting = 76
• 9.4 Energy Setting and policies = 78
• 9.5 Administrative Activities = 78
• 9.6 Legislative Specificity = 81
• 10.0 Effects of State Background Conditions on Implementation of State Solar RD&D Programs = 83
• 10.1 Introduction = 83
• 10.2 Background Factors Likely to Affect Implementation = 83
• 10.3 Analytical Procedure = 83
• 10.4 Background Characteristics and the Implementation of RD&D Programs = 84
• 10.5 Differences in Characteristics of Study and Nonstudy States = 84
• 11.0 The Effect of Organizational and Administrative Factors on Implementation of State Solar RD&D Programs = 87
• 11.1 Introduction = 87
• 11.2 Factors Influencing Level of Effort in RD&D Programs = 87
• 11.3 Factors Influencing Implementation Outcomes of R&D Programs = 89
• 11.4 Summary = 91
• 12.0 Summary, Conclusions, and Implications = 93
• 12.1 Overview of Major Findings = 93
• 12.2 Findings and Conclusions : Financial Incentives = 94
• 12.2.1 Summary of Findings = 94
• 12.2.2 Implications for States = 96
• 12.3 Findings and Conclusions : RD&D Programs = 97
• 12.3.1 Summary of Findings = 97
• 12.3.2 Implications for States = 98
• 12.4 Implications for Federal Policy = 99
• 13.0 References = 101