Hemorheological measurements in experimental animals: further consideration of cell size – pore size relations in filtrometry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Micropore filtration of dilute red blood cell (RBC) suspensions is a widely known method for determining red blood cell deformability. Use of this method for cells from various laboratory animal species does require considering the effects of the cell size to pore size ratio and of suspension hematocrit. In general, previous animal studies have utilized 5% hematocrit suspensions and five micron pores, and thus conditions similar to human clinical laboratory practice. However, when used for repeated sampling from small laboratory animals or for parallel multiple samples from different sites in large laboratory animals, the volume of blood sampled and hence the hematocrit of the test suspension may be limited. Our results indicate that hematocrit levels yielding stable values of RBC pore transit time are pore size and species specific: three micron pores=2~5% for dog and 3~5% for rat; five micron pores 3~5% for dog and 1~5% for rat. An analytical approach using a common expression for calculating transit time is useful for determining the sensitivity of this time to hematocrit alterations and hence to indicate hematocrit levels that may be problematic.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Usami, S, "Viscometric characteristic of blood of the elephant, man, dog, sheep, and goat" 217 : 884-890, 1969

2 Dormandy, J., "The new St. George’s blood filtrometer" 5 : 975-983, 1985

3 Peto, K, "The effect of renal ischemia-reperfusion on hemorheological factors: preventive role of allopurinol" 37 : 347-358, 2007

4 Koltai, K., "The effect of blood glucose levels on hemorheological parameters, platelet activation and aggregation in oral glucose tolerance test" 35 : 517-525, 2006

5 Nemeth, N., "Storage of laboratory animal blood samples causes hemorheological alterations : Inter-species differences and the effects of duration and temperature" 21 : 127-133, 2009

6 Baskurt, O. K., "Sensitivity of the cell transit analyser (CTA) to alterations of redblood cell deformability: role of cell size-pore size ratio andsample preparation" 16 : 753-765, 1996

7 Chien, S., "Role of white blood cells in filtration of bloodcell suspension" 20 : 11-27, 1983

8 Meiselman, H. J., "Rheology of shape-transformed human red cells" 15 : 225-237, 1978

9 Chen, D, "Rheologic and hemodynamiccharacteristics of red cells of mouse, rat and human" 31 : 103-113, 1994

10 Plasenzotti, R, "Red blood cell deformability and aggregation behaviour in different animal species" 31 : 105-111, 2004

11 Baskurt, O. K., "New guidelines forhemorheological laboratory techniques" 42 : 75-97, 2009

12 Meiselman, H. J, "Morphological determinants of red blood cell deformability" 156 : 27-34, 1981

13 Pfafferott, C., "Morphologic and internal viscosity aspects of RBC rheologic behavior" 8 : 65-78, 1982

14 Bernat, S, "Modszertani utmutato a hemoreologiai meresekvegzesehez [Guidelines for hemorheological measurements]" 1 : 27-33, 2005

15 Hardeman, M. R., "Methods in hemorheology. in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics" IOS Press 242-266, 2007

16 Nemeth, N., "Measurement of erythrocyte deformability and methodological adaptation for small-animal microsurgical models" 26 : 33-37, 2006

17 Nemeth, N, "Inter-species differences in hematocrit to blood viscosity ratio" 46 : 155-165, 2009

18 Matrai, A, "Initial filtration rate and initial clogging in the Hemorheometre" 22 : 275-284, 1985

19 Schmalzer, E. A., "Influence of red cell concentration on filtration of blood cell suspension" 20 : 29-40, 1983

20 Lee, W. G, "In-chip erythrocyte deformability test under optical pressure" 7 : 516-519, v2007

21 Baskurt, O. K., "IOS Press" IOS Press 242-266,

22 Miko, I, "Hemorheological follow-up after splenectomy and spleen autotransplantation in mice" 26 : 38-42, 2006

23 ICSH Expert Panel on Blood Rheology, "Guidelines for measurement of blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability" 6 : 439-453, 1986

24 Nash, G, "Filterability of blood cells: methods and clinical applications" 27 : 873-882, 1990

25 Nemeth, N, "Experiences on measuring of red blood cell deformability in laboratory animals" 126 : 225-230, 2004

26 Reinhart, W. H, "Evaluation of red blood cell filterability test: influences of pore size, hematocrit level, and flow rate" 104 : 501-516, 1984

27 Lipowsky, H. H., "Effect of erythrocyte deformability on in vivo red cell transit time and hematocrit and their correlation with in vitro filterability" 46 : 43-64, 1993

28 Lisovskaya, I. L., "Determination of the content of nonfilterable cells in erythrocyte suspensions as a function of the medium osmolarity" 35 : 141-153, 1998

29 Koutsouris, D., "Determination of erythrocyte transit times through micropores. II. Influence of experimental and physicochemical factors" 881-898, 1989

30 Baskurt, O. K, "Deformability of red blood cells from differentspecies studied by resistive pulse shape analysis technique" 33 : 169-179, 1996

31 Losco, P., "Comparison the effects of radiographic contrast media on dehydration and filterability of red blood cells from donors homozygous for hemoglobin A or hemoglobin S" 68 : 149-158, 2001

32 Chien, S., "Comparative hemorheology – hematological implications of species differences in blood viscosity" 8 : 35-57, 1971

33 Lindmark, K, "Analysis of flow acceleration during erythrocyte filtration: dependence of hematocrit and cell rigidity" 33 : 379-395, 1996

34 Nemeth, N., "Allopurinol prevents erythrocyte deformability impairing but not the hematological alterations after limb ischemiareperfusion in rats" 19 : 47-56, 2006