조현병 환자와 정상인의 작업기억에서 생물형운동 정보의 부호화와 유지 = Encoding and maintenance of the biological motion information during working memory tasks in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Impaired working memory (WM) is the most reliably reported cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Past research have revealed that increased novelty or salience of visual stimuli could facilitate the WM process, which is not clear in schizophrenia yet. In the present study, we investigated WM performance of healthy people and patients with schizophrenia using biological motion (BM), which is unique motion stimulli carrying rich social information. Experiment 1 examined WM accuracy for BM and non-BM stimuli in low- and high-memory load conditions. In experiment 2, we investigated WM for BM, non-BM and static polygon stimuli in three different delay conditions. The results showed that overall performance was worse in the patients group. WM accuracy for BM stimuli did not drop and remained higher than those for the other stimuli regardless of increasing memory load and delay in control group. Patients group also showed higher accuracy for BM stimuli than the other stimuli across the conditions but it decreased with incresing load and delay, unlike controls. Our findings suggest that socially-relevant stimuli such as BM could facilitate WM in schizophrenia and it may provide a clue of target for cognitive remediation strategies.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

작업기억의 결함은 조현병(schizophrenia)에서 가장 일관되게 보고되어온 인지장애이다. 작업기억에 관한 선행 연구들은 자극의 새로움(novelty)이나 현저성(salience)에 따라 기억과정이 촉진될 수 있음을 보고해왔다. 본 연구에서는 특수한 운동자극이면서 사회적 정보를 포함하는 생물형운동(biological motion, BM)을 이용하여 정상인과 조현병환자집단에서의 작업기억수행을 관찰하였다. 실험 1에서는 자극종류(BM, non-biological motion: NBM)와 기억부하에 따라 지연반응과제의 수행을 관찰하였고, 실험 2에서는 지연시간에 따른 BM의 효과를 알아보기 위해 BM, NBM, 도형자극을 짧거나 긴 지연시간 조건에 따라 제시하였다. 실험 결과, 조현병환자집단은 정상인에 비해 전체적인 수행정도가 낮았다. 또한 두 집단 모두에서 BM이 다른 자극에 비해 기억정확도가 높았으나, 이 효과는 두 집단에서 다른 양상이었다. 정상인집단의 경우 기억부하 및 지연시간이 증가해도 BM의 효과가 유지되었으나, 조현병집단에서는 효과가 감소하였다. 그러나, 환자집단 내에서는 다른 자극에 비해 BM에 대한 정확도가 높게 유지되었다. 이 결과는 조현병환자들은 정상인에 비해 제한적이나, BM자극 특성에 의한 기억촉진효과를 경험한다는 점을 보여주며, 사회적 환경의 적절한 제공을 통해 저하된 인지기능을 다소 보완할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

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