아담스미스의 경제윤리사상에 관한 고찰: 도덕감정론을 중심으로 = A Survey of Adam Smith's Thought of Economic Ethics in The Theory of Moral Sentiments

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Smith's liberal economics had been influenced by the Scottish Enlightenment thinkers Hutcheson, Hume, and Manderville. Smith expressed his thought about economic ethics in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, published 1759, and his thoughts on economics in The Wealth of Nations published in 1776. In The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith described the principle of human selfishness, and in The Wealth of Nations he referred to the principle of selfishness; many economists say that this is a theoretical contradiction, the so-called "Smith's Problem". But that problem is solved through the medium of the principle of justice based on the principle of sympathy.
Accordingly, there is no contradiction between The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations; rather, those two can be said to support each other. Therefore, the establishing process of economics which was based on Smith's moral philosophy must be understood in the light of the principle of justice which is grounded in the principle of sympathy.
Smith presented the paradigm of capitalism, "the invisible hand", and clarified it from the standpoint of deism. In The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith thought that as long as nature, God's creation, acted according to natural law, a happy life could be guaranteed naturally if that life were not controlled or interrupted. Smith sought the standard of judgement of virtue in sympathy, which is neither selfishness nor altruism, but "the sentiment of an observer who is fair and well informed“. Here Smith established an ethics for a civil society, an ethics of selfishness based on sympathy, and regarded this as the driving force for the development of society. Smith's economic principle of selfishness based on the principle of sympathy and liberal economics on the premise of justice are still very significant compared to today's economic phenomena of deteriorating moral philosophy.

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