북한의 민간상업 통제정책과 상인층의 대응(1945∼1950) = Control Policies of Private Commerce and Reactions of Merchants in North Korea(1945∼1950)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Merchants have been recognized to be dishonest persons. Drastic criticisms against them have been continuing up to this day. Of course essence of commerce that can make a large income with only circulation of goods rather than production is focus of criticism against merchants. Those criticisms came to the climax at the same time with the ascent of socialistic movement. A view of merchants in North Korea aiming for a socialistic state was not also differ from above. North Korea strengthened control of private commerce and merchants like an ally, Soviet Russia.
Ultimate purpose of control policies of private commerce in North Korea was sweeping of merchants exploiting people. Alternative of private commerce was consumer's cooperative society commerce. Consumer's cooperative society was expected to be contributed public welfare. Therefore North Korea concentrated on supports of consumer's cooperative society with oppressing merchants. Reactions of merchants against commerce policies of the authorities drove both to strained relation. Hence troubles between state and merchants had a tendency to increase. Those phenomena display a dynamic side in North Korea regarded as uniform and oppressive system since liberation.
In spite of suppression policies of private commerce by state, merchants did not shrink away. They disturbed commerce policies of state with seeking after exit for living. Diverse illegal behaviors by merchants promoted growth of private commerce through outflow of enormous commodities into markets. For example smugglers crossing the 38th parallel supplied huge commodities produced in South Korea for merchants. The authorities could hardly control smugglings near the 38th parallel. Moreover merchants gained an advantage over in sale competition with consumer's cooperative society. Finally commerce policies of North Korea were not successful.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Merchants have been recognized to be dishonest persons. Drastic criticisms against them have been continuing up to this day. Of course essence of commerce that can make a large income with only circulation of goods rather than production is focus of criticism against merchants. Those criticisms came to the climax at the same time with the ascent of socialistic movement. A view of merchants in North Korea aiming for a socialistic state was not also differ from above. North Korea strengthened control of private commerce and merchants like an ally, Soviet Russia.
Ultimate purpose of control policies of private commerce in North Korea was sweeping of merchants exploiting people. Alternative of private commerce was consumer's cooperative society commerce. Consumer's cooperative society was expected to be contributed public welfare. Therefore North Korea concentrated on supports of consumer's cooperative society with oppressing merchants. Reactions of merchants against commerce policies of the authorities drove both to strained relation. Hence troubles between state and merchants had a tendency to increase. Those phenomena display a dynamic side in North Korea regarded as uniform and oppressive system since liberation.
In spite of suppression policies of private commerce by state, merchants did not shrink away. They disturbed commerce policies of state with seeking after exit for living. Diverse illegal behaviors by merchants promoted growth of private commerce through outflow of enormous commodities into markets. For example smugglers crossing the 38th parallel supplied huge commodities produced in South Korea for merchants. The authorities could hardly control smugglings near the 38th parallel. Moreover merchants gained an advantage over in sale competition with consumer's cooperative society. Finally commerce policies of North Korea were not successful.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 친후이·쑤원, "전원시와 광시곡" 이산 2000

2 조룡식, "우리나라의 인민경제발전 1948~1958" 국립출판사 1958

3 알렉 노브, "소련경제사" 창작과 비평사 1998

4 김영희, "세금문제 해결 경험" 사회과학출판사 1988

5 김재웅, "북한의 38선 접경지역 정책과 접경사회의 형성 ―1948~1949년 강원도 인제군을 중심으로―" 고려사학회 (28) : 123-178, 2007

6 "북조선의 정치경제 정세에 대하여"

7 김성보, "남북한 경제구조의 기원과 전개" 역사비평사 2000

8 金甫瑛, "解放後南北韓交易에 관한 硏究" 고려대 1995

9 朝鮮銀行調査部, "朝鮮經濟年報1948"

10 森田芳夫, "朝鮮終戰の記錄" 巖南堂書店 1979

11 "朝鮮中央年鑑1949" 朝鮮中央通信社 1949

12 국사편찬위원회, "北韓關係史料集"

13 Institute of Asian Culture Studies Hallym University, HQ, "USAFIK Intelligence Summary Northern Korea 2"

14 Institute of Asian Culture Studies Hallym University, HQ, "USAFIK Intelligence Summary Northern Korea 1"

15 U.S. Department of State, "North Korea: A Case Study in the Techniques of Takeover" U.S. Government Printing Office 1961

16 전현수, "1947년 12월 북한의 화폐개혁" 19 : 1996

17 "1946년 보건과 소비조합 자료"

18 한림대 아시아문화연구소, "1946·1947·1948年度北韓經濟統計資料集" 한림대출판부 1994