경주지역 석조문화재 풍화, 훼손 특성 = temp

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Because almost all the stone cultural properties located outdoors and long time exposure to nature, the external appearance has been largely deteriorated due to natural and artificial factors such as typhoon, microorganisms, wind, moisture, extreme change in temperature, air pollutants, and salts. As we already know, damage to stone cultural properties has been accelerating particularly due to recent industrial development and environmental pollution.
For the present year 2006, Korea has designated 1,286 pieces of stone cultural properties as national treasures, which is 29.2% of the total 4,409 regarded as national treasures. These stone cultural properties are sequenced into mostly Gyeongsangbuk-do(143), Jeonllanam-do(72), Gyeongsangnamdo( 58), Chungcheongnam-do(46), Gangwon-do(44), Chungcheongbuk-do(40), Seoul(35), Gyeonggi-do (33), etc. Gyeongsangbuk-do has 143 pieces of stone cultural properties as national treasures, which is 26.8% of the total 533 regarded as national treasures. For the current year 2007, Gyeongju possess 53 pieces(national treasure : 15 pieces, treasure : 37 pieces, historical site : 1 piece) of national cultural property, which is 41% of the national treasures and treasures, and 40 pieces(tangible cultural property : 21 pieces, monument : 1 piece, important folklore material : 18 pieces) of the city or provincial cultural property. Gyeongju has 130 pieces of stone cultural properties as national treasures, which is 10.1% of the total 1,286 regarded as national treasures.
The deterioration and weathering processes of stone cultural properties are classified into physical, chemical, and biological. Among these processes, physical deterioration is most destructive.
But, microbial films growth on the surface of rock they change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the fresh rock and resulted in chemical and biological deterioration. Because the deterioration of stone cultural properties is interacted in a complex way, we must take into account the interrelations between phyco-chemical and biological factors. According to other researches and our on-the-spot investigations, basically most of the stone cultural properties in Gyeongju were deteriorated seriously. So, we need a study to solve the desirable procedures and the proper method for the conservation of stone cultural properties and we need it now.