미국 방송의 자유와 독점 규제, 1924~1927

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines social and legislative debates on broadcasting regulation in order to ensure freedom of the air during the 1920s, the formative years of an American commercial broadcasting system. It aims to reveal political and economic implications of the debates and legislation. U. S. Congress codified in the Radio Act of 1927 sections on licensing, licensing trade, ownership, and equal opportunity rules against corporate monopolies and censorship. However, licensing process, in which the public was not allowed to participate, and content regulation, which provided equal opportunities only to political candidates, prioritized the protection of dominant political values and orders, and intended to limit the access of radical and reforming ideas to the air. In consequence, ruling political groups and radio industry modified and deteriorated statutory articles, which was to regulate monopolies and prevent censorships. Moreover, corporate monopolies had two different values in terms of anti-democratic political effects and economic efficiencies based on scales.
This enabled to admit the creation of NBC, an monopoly of national broadcasting network, as an prototype of American broadcasting system centered on commercial structure, when legal frame of anti-monopoly was being made. These findings revealed that ownership regulation only cannot provide institutional conditions that allowed radical social ideas and political minorities to access to the air. In this aspect, this study argues that public's rights to participate in licensing process must be established.

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