1870년 이후의 빈곤과 자본주의 -영국에서 대불황 전후(前後) 빈곤 담론의 형성과 변화의 역사 = The Idea of Poverty and Capitalism Since 1870: Making of Poverty Discourses in the Changing History of Britain

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines two paradigms of poverty, individualistic and structural based in the history of thought since 1870s. It analyzes the influence that changing socio-economic times had on the individualism of poverty which was background of the 1905 Royal Commission on the Poor Law Majority Report. The minority report, on the contrary, expressed a new manifestation that, as a major cause of poverty, high unemployment rate was beyond individual control, and a new public assistance scheme was needed. Moreover, investigators of poverty of that time, such as Mayhew, Booth and Rowntree, contributed to the growth of recognition that poverty was not caused by individual character. It was regarded as a pathbreaking paradigm shift in the formation of poverty discourses by many at the time. Today, we live in the world of consumer capitalism where individual consumption replaces work performance and ethics as rules of social control and remuneration. As Zygmunt Bauman has put it, the present day economy does not need a massive labour force and obedience to the social discipline secured, through the seductions of commodities or through the panoptical institutions. Rather, it is inaccessibility of consumer lifestyle in which the consumer society trains its members to experience as the most painful of deprivation.

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