남로당의 게릴라전 : 남북한 통합의 역사적 준거 = Guerrilla Warfare of the South Korean Workers’ Party :A Historical Reference to Integration between South and North Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After the liberation of Korea on August 15, in 1945, the Chosun (Korean) Workers’ Party approved of the United States Army Military Government(USAMGIK) in Korea.
The Chosun Workers' Party not only adopted a moderate line to maintain good relations with the USAMGIK but also advocated a bourgeois democratic revolution.
The U.S.-U.S.S.R Joint Commission, held for the fulfillment of the Moscow Agreement, ended in a rupture, and an open oppression against the left wing was launched in South Korea. Therefore, the South Korean Workers’ Party (SKWP) announced a so-called ‘new tactics’ and took up a violent armed struggle. The armed struggle waged by the SKWP is called guerrilla warfare. This study is to investigate whether the choice, by which the SKWP converted its moderate line in the early stage such as peaceful competition for political power into a hard line of armed struggle in the later stage, was inevitable under the social structure of South Korea at that time or made by the party’s own will.
The SKWP’s guerrilla warfare was, first, staged against those who were overwhelmingly stronger.
Second, the geographic characteristics of South Korea were unfavorable for guerrilla warfare operations quite differently from those of China, Vietnam and Cuba.
Third, the SKWP’s guerrilla warfare was untimely and inappropriate.
Fourth, the SKWP leadership lacked military experiences.
In addition, the ROK government’s effective implementation of counter-guerrilla warfare and the failed cooperation between the SKWP and the North Korean ‘democratic base’ were the other failure factors.
Although it is bound to indicate the various failure factors as mentioned above, these are mostly military-related factors. Thus, it is also necessary to find political reasons why the SKWP waged guerrilla warfare.
First of all, while the North Korean region existed as a democratic base under the control of Kim Il-sung, the SKWP’s choice for the base had to be limited.
It is thought that there will occur the same form of conflict as the SKWP’s guerrilla warfare if North and South Korea fail to integrate with each other during the unification period.
In this study, it was argued that the integration of each sector should precede unification, and military integration should be prior to political, economic and social integration. This is demonstrated by the fact that a civil war broke out after the unification in Yemen. The example of Yemen shows well that civil war or guerrilla warfare can break out when military integration ends in failure. In this regard, this study presents some strategies for preparation.
In this consideration, thorough advance preparation is needed. Due to the geographic characteristics of the Korean peninsula, guerrilla warfare will not last for a long period of time. However, the topography of North Korea is more complicated than that of South Korea, and it can become a burden if China provides Manchuria as a base for guerrilla warfare.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 문제의 제기 1
• 2. 연구 범위와 접근 방법 10
• 1) 연구 범위 10
• 2) 접근 방법 12
• Ⅱ. 게릴라전에 대한 기존 연구 검토 16
• 1. 개념 규정 16
• 1) 게릴라전 16
• 2) 혁명 21
• 3) 전략 24
• 2. 기존 연구 검토 25
• 1) 국내 연구 25
• 2) 비교혁명론 34
• 3. 게릴라전을 통한 혁명 성공사례 42
• 1) 모택동의 유격전 42
• 2) 보 구엔 지압의 인민의 전쟁 44
• 3) 체 게바라의 이동전략거점 45
• 4. 소결론 46
• Ⅲ. 남로당의 노선전환 : 구조론적 관점 대 자의론적 관점 53
• 1. 남로당의 탄생과 좌익의 노선 변화 53
• 1) 남로당의 탄생 53
• 2) 좌익의 노선 변화 64
• 2. 남한 단정노선과 510선거 반대투쟁 111
• 1) 남한 단정노선 111
• 2) 510선거 반대투쟁 122
• Ⅳ. 남로당의 유격전구와 군사전략 136
• 1. 게릴라전 전개를 위한 여건 136
• 1) 조선공산당의 폭력노선으로의 전환 136
• 2) 여순반란사건과 유격전구 구축 143
• 2. 남로당의 군사전략과 게릴라전 실패 이유 149
• 1) 남로당의 군사전략 149
• 2) 게릴라전 실패 이유 161
• 3) 미국의 역할 165
• Ⅴ. 1949년 9월 총공세와 625전쟁의 始原 168
• 1. 무력투쟁 전개를 위한 여건과 전제조건 168
• 2. 625전쟁의 시원 177
• 3. 9월 총공세에 대한 분석 202
• Ⅵ. 남로당이 벌인 게릴라전의 현재적 의미와 대응책 208
• 1. 각국의 통일 방식에 대한 평가 208
• 1) 독 일 210
• 2) 예 멘 212
• 3) 베트남 215
• 4) 오스트리아 219
• 5) 소결론 222
• 2. 남로당이 벌인 게릴라전의 현재적 의미 226
• 3. 통일의 단계에서 발생할 수 있는 군사분야 갈등의 대응책 230
• 1) 군사통합 230
• 2) 게릴라전 대비와 대테러 준비 235
• Ⅶ. 결 론 243
• 참고문헌 250
• 영문초록 269