The United States’ Uncertain Approach to Network Neutrality

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Despite the prevalence and importance of the broadband Internet in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission’s regulatory approach remains quite unsettled. In 2010, the FCC adopted “Open Internet Rules,” designed to promote network neutrality. But while a federal court has upheld the FCC’s authority to regulate broadband, the court also held that nondiscrimination rules go beyond the FCC’s power. This paper discusses the FCC’s approaches to network neutrality and considers other U.S. institutions that may address discrimination issues on the Internet. The paper concludes that the U.S. Internet ecosystem remains fundamentally open, but that openness faces coming challenges from the development of carrier-managed services and the imbalance of traffic delivery between content providers and access networks.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• I. Introduction
• II. The FCC’s Open Internet Rules
• Ⅲ. The Current State of the U.S. Broadband Regulatory Ecosystem
• Ⅳ. The Future
• V. Conclusion: comparative thoughts on Korean net neutrality rules
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Formal Complaint of Free Press and Public Knowledge Against Comcast Corp, "for Secretly Degrading Peer-to-Peer Applications, 20 FCC Rcd. 13028 (2008), vacated , Comcast Corp. v. FCC, 600 F.3d 642"

2 "Verizon v. FCC, 740 F.3d 623"

3 "Verizon Communs. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, 540 U.S. 398"

4 Lee, Bih-Hwang, "VOIP Services with Embedded CAC over Cable Systems" 51 (51): 2005

5 Competitive Impact Statement, "United States v. Comcast Corp., No. 1:11-cv-0015"

6 Reardon, Marguerite, "Understanding the Comcast-Level 3 Spat"

7 Speta, James B., "The Vertical Dimension of Cable Open Access" 71 (71): 2001

8 Genachowski, Julius, "The Third Way: A Narrowly Tailored Broadband Framework"

9 Carrier, Michael A., "The Real Rule of Reason: Bridging the Disconnect" (1265) : 1999

10 Werden, Gregory J., "The Law and Economics of the Essential Facilities Doctrine" 32 (32): 1987

11 Yun, Kyonglim, "The Growth of Broadband Internet Connections in South Korea: Contributing Factors" Stanford Asia/Pacific Research Center

12 Kearney, Joseph D., "The Great Transformation of Regulated Industries Law" 97 (97): 1997

13 Weiser, Philip J., "The Future of Internet Regulation" 43 (43): 2009

14 Majoras, Deborah Platt, "The Federal Trade Commission in the Online World: Promotion Competition and Protecting Consumers"

15 Wright, Joshua D., "The Case for An Antitrust Approach to Net Neutrality"

16 Speta, James B., "Supervising Managed Services" 60 (60): 2011

17 "Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. FCC, 19 F.3d 1475"

18 Koutsky, Thomas M., "Separating Politics from Policy in FCC Merger Reviews: A Basic Legal Primer of the Public Interest Standard" 18 (18): 2009

19 Letter from Robert W. Quinn Jr., "Senior Vice President, AT&T Servs. Inc. to Marlene H. Dortch, Sec’y FCC, in Response to Notice of Ex Parte Communication in Review of AT&T Inc. and BellSouth Corp. Application for Consent to Transfer of Control, WC Dkt. No. 06-74"

20 Appropriate Framework for Broadband Access to the Internet over Wireline Facilities, "Report and Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 20 FCC Rcd. 14,853 (2005), aff’d , Time Warner Telecom, Inc. v. FCC, 507 F.3d 205"

21 Frieden, Rob, "Rationales For and Against Regulatory Involvement in Resolving Internet Interconnection Disputes" 14 (14): 2012

22 Salop, Steven C., "Raising Rivals’ Costs" 73 (73): 1983

23 "Preserving the Open Internet, Report and Order, 25FCC Rcd. 17905 (2010), vacated in part , Verizon v. FCC, 740 F.3d 623"

24 Powell, Michael K., "Preserving Internet Freedom:Guiding Principles for the Industry" 3 (3): 2004

25 Appropriate Framework for Broadband Access to Internet over Wireline Facilities, "Policy Statement" 20 (20): 2005

26 Speta, James B., "Policy Levers and Demand Drivers in Korean Broadband Penetration" 4 (4): 2004

27 FCC Open Internet Advisory Committee, "Policy Issues in Data Caps and Usage Based Pricing"

28 Little, Iain, "Peering and Settlement in the Internet: An Economic Analysis" 18 : 2000

29 "Pacific Gas and Electric Co. v. FPC, 506 F.2d 33"

30 Broache, Anne, "Obama Pledges Net Neutrality Laws if Elected President"

31 Wu, Tim, "Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination" 2 (2): 2003

32 "NCTA v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967"

33 Norton, W.B., "Internet Service Providers and Peering"

34 Clark, David, "Interconnection in the Internet: The Policy Challenge"

35 SBC Communs, "Inc. and AT&T Communs., Inc., Applications for Transfer of Control of Licenses, 20 FCC Rcd. 16170"

36 Bump, Philip, "Half of All Internet Traffic in North America Is Just To Watch Netflix and You-Tube"

37 Sasso, Brendan, "FTC Commissioner Wants To Take Net Neutrality Policy from the FCC"

38 High Speed Access to the Internet over Cable and Other Facilities, "Declaratory Ruling and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 17 FCC Rcd. 4798 (2002), aff’d , NCTA v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967"

39 Madison River Communications LLC, "Consent Decree" 20 (20): 2005

40 Davis, Wendy, "Congress Warns FCC Against Broadband Reclassification" Online Media Daily

41 Cheredar, Tom, "Comcast Rejiggers its 250 GB Monthly Data Cap Policy"

42 "Comcast Corp. v. FCC, 600 F.3d 642"

43 Crawford, Susan P., "Captive Audience: The Telecom Industry and Monopoly in the New Guilded Age"

44 "Brown Shoe, Inc. v. United States, 380 U.S. 294"

45 "Broadband Internet Technical Advisory Group"

46 Choudrie, Jyoti, "Broadband Development in South Korea: Institutional and Cultural Factors" 13 (13): 2004

47 Eisenach, Jeffrey, "Broadband Competition in the Internet Ecosystem" AEI Econ. Studies

48 Speta, James B., "Antitrust and Regulation in the EU and US" 2008

49 Speta, James B., "A Common Carrier Approach to Internet Interconnection" 54 (54): 2003

50 "47 U.S.C. § 543"

51 "47 U.S.C. § 541"

52 "47 U.S.C. § 203"

53 "47 U.S.C. § 202"

54 "47 U.S.C. § 201"

55 "47 U.S.C. § 160"

56 "47 U.S.C. § 153"

57 "47 U.S.C. § 1302 (Telecommunications Act of 1996,§ 706)"

58 "15 U.S.C. § 46"

59 "15 U.S.C. § 45"