세계체제 분석, 탈근대론, ‘로컬리티의 인문학’ = World-System Analysis, Postmodernism, and Localitology

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper attempts to explore the relevance of Wallerstein’s ‘World-System Analysis’ to ‘Localitology’, a project of Korean Studies Institute, Pusan National University. Largely resting on Postmodernism, the project of ‘Localitology’ has been opposing postmodernity marked by locality and differences to modernity centered on totality and identity. The project also tends to advocate differences in diverse local narratives, dismissing the universalist grand narrative. This general tendency, however, leads to certain serious epistemological contradictions and, in an effort to address those contradictions, this paper proposes to refocus attention on insights of ‘World-System Analysis’.
Foregrounding the problem of ‘the unit of analysis’, ‘World-System Analysis’ emphasizes that the way to overcome the modern universalist grand narrative lies in a different type of grand narrative which constitutes a specific totality in consideration of multi-layered ‘TimeSpace’, rather than in micro-narratives of differences. In this respect, Wallerstein’s argument that ‘all narratives are macro-narratives’ and his proposal of ‘historical social science’ appear particularly important, and K. Marx’s and F. Braudel’s historical epistemologies are also relevant in understanding Wallerstein’s points. All of them agreed that only a grand narrative which presupposes a specific totality could go beyond the modern universalist grand narrative and make it possible to distinguish differences in complex and flexible social relations.
The project of ‘Localitology’ aims at a humanities approach to local studies, but, unless it stands on an appropriate epistemological basis, ‘humanities’ might lapse into its limited, idiographic version severed from ‘science’. With regard to this, emphasis will also be afforded in this paper to Wallerstein’s criticism of the modern system of knowledge that separates humanities and science and to his suggestion of ‘one science’ or ‘one humanities’ as well.
In conclusion, this paper argues that, far from being an alternative to the modern universalist grand narrative as postmodernism claims, micro-narratives have only turned out to be a supplement to it. In addition, a defence of the humanities based on the modern system of knowledge is itself a typically modern way of thinking. ‘World System Analysis’ urges one to seek ‘a new universalism’ which could overcome modern European universalism, and in that sense it provides important points of reference for the project of ‘Localitology’.

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