불능미수의 가벌성근거 = Why are unsuitable attempts punishable?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The interpretation of §§ 22 ff. StGB according to various aspects has shown that the reason for the punishability of an attempt cannot be clearly determined subjectively or objectively. It is true that when creating §§ 22 ff. StGB, the legislator intended to anchor the subjective theory in the law, which is reflected in particular in the words "according to his conception of the act" in § 22 StGB; however, this is already contrasted in § 22 StGB itself with the partially objective element of the "direct" setting. In the regulations on the legal consequences (§ 23 StGB) and the withdrawal from the attempt (§ 24 StGB), subjective and objective elements are mixed in a compromising way. If one sees the protection of legal interests as the rationale for the criminal offence of attempt, the scope of the criminal offence of attempt must be limited to those cases in which ex ante, from the point of view of an informed observer (even if not equipped with expert knowledge), there was a danger to the object of legal interest.
For the problem of unsuitable attempt, this means that its punishability is easily compatible with the subjective basic structure of the legal regulation. The objective limitation by the requirement of immediate commencement is also withstood by the unsuitable attempt - the objective possibility of the occurrence of success is not a prerequisite. Finally, the punishability of an unsuitable attempt is also compatible with the objective telos of the protection of legal interests - however, only insofar as the attempt presents itself as dangerous ex ante.

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