생명윤리 입법화 과정에서의 정책네트워크 분석에 관한 연구 = Analysis of Policy Network on the process of legislation of Bioethics

국문 초록 (Abstract)

생명윤리 입법화 과정은 대규모 자본이 소요되고 고부가가치를 생산하는 미래 선도산업이라는 특성으로 인하여 그것의 연구개발을 촉구하는 입장과 오·남용으로 인한 부작용이 치명적이라는 입장이 매우 첨예하게 대립하는 특징을 갖는다. 우리나라의 경우 인간복제의 시도, 유전자변형동물 등과 같은 예측하지 못하였던 새로운 생명과학기술의 등장으로, 이에 대한 윤리적·종교적 논쟁이 시작되었고 사회적 공론화를 거쳐 합의점에 도달한 부분이 있음에도 불구하고 아직 법제화를 이루지 못하고 있다(이인영, 2002: 120).
즉, 생명윤리관련정책의 기본적인 골격은 생명공학기술의 급격한 발달과 산업화에 따라 인류복지와 건강증진이라는 순기능은 극대화하면서, 인간의 존엄성을 보장하고 인체의 안정성을 침해하지 않도록 하는 것이라고 하겠다.
본 연구에서는 정책네트워크이론을 통해서 생명입법화과정에 참여하는 정책참여자의 상호작용과 구조의 특성을 고찰하였다. 신기술의 발달과 사회윤리라는 양면적인 특성으로 인해서 정책과정에 참여하고 있는 행위자들간의 관계가 매우 첨예한 이해대립에 있다는 것을 알 수가 있었으며, 입법과정에 참여하고 있는 행위자간의 상호작용은 갈등적 성격으로 드러났고, 구조에 있어서는 분산된 형태를 띠는 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the operation, performance, and development issues of the Korean executive agency system newly introduced in 2000.
Data on the reported evaluations of the system of 870 bureaucrats in all the 23 Korean executive agencies are obtained using questionnaires.
The results reveal that ① on the operational side of the executive agency system, the agency bureaucrats evaluate a little bit positively the personnel management, perfomlance management, and finance management, ② on the adoption of the system, they show generally low levels of satisfaction, and ③ they comparatively positively evaluate the agency chief executive's leadership and job performance capability, and the increase of the service quality after the system adoption.
For the development of the system, they recognize the necessity of the expansion of the agency chief power and authority.
formal institutionalization for the independency of the agency, and review of the agency selection criteria.
However, they show different perceptions on the operation and performance of the agency after the system adoption according to the types of agency.
This article based upon the view of policy network focuses on the analysis of the process of the legislation on bioethics and the interest of stakeholders.
New technology and its socio-ethic conflict are the most important factor in the process of the legislation on bioethics.
The main actors of its legislation process are biotechnology group, NGO and government.
They try to play their active roles to acquire the legislation initiative.
According to the analysis, policy network has many agencies(actors) in its own network and shows a prominent characteristics of issue network.
Interaction of agencies reveals conflicting rather than cooperating among agencies.
The structure of policy network is the decentralized one focusing their own interests.
The meanings of this study are to review the appearance of new technology and its socio-ethics conflict and to inspect the possibility of theoretical application of policy network.
The Korean Local Autonomy system has been rooted through the several ballots of it since 1991.
Now, one of the tasks on local autonomy is concentrating the interests and endeavors to increase the self-governing capacity of local government.
By accomplishing this task, Korean Local Autonomy system will be reborn as efficient and practical mechanism for providing benefits to residents.
This study had a trial of presenting alternatives for development through the capacity building and strategic visions of local government by using strategic planning approach on the basis of problematic perception on the task of local autonomy.
Young Weol Gun (District) was selected as a subject local government of this study, which has difficulties in resolving many problems.
The five strategic issues were extracted from the result of SWOT analysis, and the strategic alternatives were established with relation to the role of constituents such as ① exercising district chief's active and creative leadership, ② performing the proactive role of local council for consolidating residents, ③increasing the initiative awareness and perception of residents on the development of local government.
And the concrete goal was settled as "Consolidating Residents and Revitalizing Local Economic" in case of successful execution of strategic issues through the proactive role performance of each