베토벤의 ≪교향곡 제9번≫에 대한 가필을 통해 바라본 연주 경향의 변화 = Changes in Performing Practice of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony in Relation to Retouching of the Score

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ludwig van Beethoven’s (1770-1827) Ninth Symphony has been performed in various ways since its premiere in 1824. One of them is to perform this symphony with some retouchings to the original score of the composer, Beethoven. The purpose of this research is to find out the time and cause of the retouching practice about Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, the specific examples of the retouching and its acceptance, and how the acceptance changed with the passage of time. For this purpose, in addition to several books and articles, scores of some conductors with traces of retouching, and various recordings that have been made since 1923, have been studied. The core point of the retouching practice that originated from Richard Wagner is to make the melody clear in the performance and to make it progress naturally. For this purpose, a method of supplementing the woodwind part with brass instruments, when the melody of the woodwind part was not sufficiently revealed, and a method of changing the progression of the melody were used, which had a great influence on later conductors including Weingartner and Mahler. And, Wagner’s influence can be confirmed through many recordings. As a result of the record study, it can be seen that Wagner’s retouching practice was widely accepted by many conductors until the 1960s, and after that it acceptance gradually declined. Although its acceptance has declined markedly now, the retouching practice still holds its importance from the point of view of performance history, in that it provides insight into how Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony was interpreted and performed during the Late Romantic era.

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