한국인의 국민정체성에 대한 인식과 다문화 수용성 = South Koreans` Perceptions of National Identity and Acceptance of Multiculturalism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at analyzing characteristics and types of South Koreans`` perceptions of national identity, measuring acceptance of multiculturalism, and identifying relationships between perceptions of national identity and acceptance of multiculturalism. To analyze South Koreans`` perceptions of national identity, we intersected the ethnic factor of national identity by the civic factor and produced four types: mixed, ethnic, civic, and plural type. To measure the level of acceptance of multiculturalism, we computed mean scores of acceptance of multiculturalism and compared them across the four types of perceptions of national identity. To determine the relationships between the concepts, we measured the independent effect of the type of perceptions of national identity on acceptance of multiculturalism after controlling for other variables. Data for this study came from a sample survey “Survey of South Koreans`` Perceptions of Foreign Migrant Workers and Multicultural Society” conducted in December 2008. Major findings are as follows. Contrary to conventional wisdom that Koreans see ethnicity and nationality the same, Koreans distinguish between the two, and that they consider the civic factor as importantly as the ethnic factor. Also, the most prevalent type of national identity is the mixed type that values both the ethnic and civic factors, followed by the civic factor that values the civic factor more than the ethnic factor. People who hold the mixed type of perceptions show the most exclusive attitudes toward multiculturalism and migrants while people of the plural type factor exhibit the most positive attitudes toward multiculturalism and people of the civic factor are the most tolerant of immigrants. Findings of this research are expected to provide useful implications for enhancing capacity of social integration that pulls common national identity and solidarity between South and North Koreans after the national reunification.

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