1939년 독일과 소련의 외교 관계 재검토

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the cold war, western orthodox interpretations estimate that in 1939 the Soviets negotiated openly with Britain and France and secretly with the Germans. Thus the policy of soviet’s collective security was not the real policy but the disguised tactics of the Soviet Union. According to this interpretations, the contacts of Merekalov-Weizsacker on April 17 and Schnurre-Astakhov on May 5 and Astakhov-Schnurre on May 17 which have suggested the soviet’s positive detentes confirms this points.
But the soviet documents published after the end of the cold war sharply contrasted the contents of three contacts that had depended on the german foreign policy documents. Thus we did not know which documents was true. Though the german documents have partially reflected the will of german diplomats who have hoped the political detente, the cause of this documentary differences was the personal conduct of Merekalov and Astakhov who have pursued the detente with the germany in contrast to the Triple Alliance Negotiations. The roots of problems was that the contents that Merekalov and Astakhov had conveyed the german diplomats differed from the contents that They had reported to the Soviet Union.
Thus the german foreign office that have thought that the Soviet Union had suggested the detente was embarrassed in the face of soviet’s non-policy until mid-August 1939. In fact the Soviet Union have demonstrated the first sign of talks with the germans through the Molotov’s directive on August 11. The Soviet Union have decided to negotiate with the germany after the failure of the military talks with Britain and France on August 14. Thus the real negotiations have begun from August 15.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 황동하, "필사적인포옹 독· 소불가침조약1939 · 08 · 23)과소련측의동기분석" 경기도 한국학술정보 2006

2 G. Roberts, "The Unholly Alliance" 1989

3 M. Leffler, "The Specter of Communism" 1994

4 S.A. Gorlov, "The Soviet-German Dialogue on the Eve of Signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939" 15 : 2000

5 G. Roberts, "The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War" 1995

6 G. Roberts, "The Soviet Decisions for a Pact with Nazi Germany" 44 : 1992

7 D. Watson, "The Politburo and Foreign Policy in the 1930s,” In The Nature of Stalin‘s Dictatorship" 2004

8 G. Hilger, "The Incompatible Allies, A Memoir-History of German-Soviet Relations 1918-1941" 1953

9 G. Weinberg, "The Foreign Policy of Hitler‘s Germany Starting World War Ⅱ 1937-1939" 1994

10 A. Resis, "The Fall of Litvinov: Harbinger of German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact" 52 : 2000

11 G. Roberts, "The Fall of Litvinov: A Revisionist View" 27 : 1992

12 A. Read, "The Deadly Embrace Hitler, Stalin, and the Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939-1941" 1988

13 M. J. Carley, "The Alliance that never was and The Coming of World War II" 1999

14 G. Roberts, "The Alliance that Failed: Moscow and the Triple Alliance Negotiations, 1939" 26 : 1996

15 V. Berezhkov, "Stalin’s Error of Judgement" 1989

16 R. C. Raack, "Stalin’s Drive To The West 1938-1945" 1995

17 A. Rieber, "Stalin as foreign policy-maker: avoiding war, 1927-1953, In Stalin" 2005

18 K. Mcdermott, "Stalin Revolutionary in an Era of War" 2006

19 S. Davis, "Stalin" 2005

20 J. Haslam, "Soviet-German Relations and the Origins of the Second World War: The Jury Is Still Out" 69 : 1997

21 T.J. Uldricks, "Soviet Security Policy in the 1930s, In Soviet Foreign Policy, In Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-1991" 1994

22 I. Fleischhauer, "Soviet Foreign Policy and the Hitler-Stalin Pact, In From Peace to War" 1997

23 A. Roshchin, "People‘s Commissariat For Foreign Affairs Before World War Ⅱ" 1988

24 G. Roberts, "On Soviet-German Relations: The Debate Continues-A Review Article" 50 : 1998

25 G. Roberts, "Infamous Encounter? The Merekalov-Weizsäker Meeting of 17 April 1939" 1992

26 D.C. Watt, "How War Came" 1989

27 L. Bezymensky, "Hitler’s Proposal to London, August 1939" 1989

28 G. Weinberg, "Germany, Hitler, And World WarⅡ" 1995

29 T.J. Uldricks, "Evolving Soviet Views of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, In Labyrinth of Nationalism, Complexities of Diplomacy" 1992

30 "Documents On German Foreign Policy, Series D(1937-1945), Vol. Ⅳ, Vol. VI, Vol. VII"

31 "Department of State, Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941"

32 T.J. Uldricks, "A. J. P. Taylor and the Russians, In The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered" 1986

33 V. Sipols, "A Few Months Before August 23, 1939" 1989