아동의 스트레스와 의도적 통제 수준 및 부모의 애착 특성이 아동 기억에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Children’s Stress, Effortful Control and Parental Attachment on Children’s Remembering

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There has been an increasing interest in children’s abilities to report memories of, and resist misleading suggestions to, a potentially stressful event. Individual differences among children and their parents may provide important insights into principles that govern children’s eyewitness memory and suggestibility for such experiences. Using a potentially stressful event outside of a laboratory environment, the effects of certain individual difference factors (including stress level, effortful control, and parental attachment style) on memory accuracy for a potentially stressful event were analyzed. A total of 120 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years were interviewed regarding a minor dental procedure that they had experienced. Results indicated that children with an insecure parental attachment and low effortful control were more likely to produce inaccurate free-recall details and more false alarms compared to children with a secure parental attachment and high effortful control. Thus, parental attachment style and a child’s effortful control are likely significant predictors of a child’s memory ability. Theoretical implications concerning the effects of stress and individual differences on eyewitness memory and suggestibility are discussed. Furthermore, the importance of being aware of individual differences and the likely outcome of interviewers’ subsequent actions during investigative interviews is also discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 스트레스적 사건에 대한 아동 기억의 정확성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 요인들 중에서 아동의 행동 특성과 부모의 애착 특성을 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 불안이나 긴장 등의 부정적 정서가 자연스럽게 유발되는 치과 진료를 경험한 4-12세 아동을 대상으로 부모의 부정적 애착 특성과 아동의 의도적 통제 능력이 스트레스적 사건에 대한 기억의 정확성과 어떤 관계성이 있는 가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과 불안정 애착 특성을 지닌 부모의 아동과 의도적 통제 수준이 낮은 아동들은 상대적으로 자발적 회상 보고의 정확성이 낮고 암시적 정보에 대한 저항력도 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 스트레스적 사건에 대한 아동 기억의 정확성이 부모의 애착 특성과 아동의 의도적 통제 수준에 따라 상이할 수 있음을 함의한다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 아동 진술 조사 맥락에서 부모와 아동의 개인차 특성을 고려한 해석의 필요성이 논의되었다.

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