Exposure to particulate matter (PM), particularly airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), has been widely implicated in the exacerbation of inflammatory respiratory conditions. Artemisia japonica Thunb. (AJ) is a perennial...
Exposure to particulate matter (PM), particularly airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), has been widely implicated in the exacerbation of inflammatory respiratory conditions. Artemisia japonica Thunb. (AJ) is a perennial medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family that is distributed throughout Korea and various regions of East Asia, including Russia (Ussuri), Japan, China, Taiwan, and the Philippines. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a methanolic extract of AJ were evaluated using PM10-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and a PM10-exposed mouse model. PM10 was intranasally administered to mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg for seven consecutive days, while AJ (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (3 mg/kg/day) was orally administered during the same period. AJ treatment significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and PM10-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, accompanied by a marked attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Mechanistically, AJ enhanced antioxidant defense systems by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to increased levels of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, while concurrently suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation. In addition, AJ markedly inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in both in vitro and in vivo PM10 exposure models. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that AJ alleviates PM10-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress through coordinated activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways and suppression of TLR4/MAPK-dependent inflammatory signaling, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for PM-induced airway inflammatory responses.
Keywords: Artemisia japonica Thunb.; particulate matter; airway inflammation; Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1; TLR4/MyD88; MAPK