UNESCAP Regional Shipping and Port Development Study

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Executive Summary i
• Chapter I. Introduction 1
• 1. Objective and Scope 1
• 2. The ITPM Suite 1
• 3. Report Structure and Contents 3
• Chapter Ⅱ. Changes in International Container Shipping and
• Port Environment 4
• 1. Changes in International Container Trade 4
• 1) Increasing role of international trade 4
• 2) Growth of container trades 6
• 3) Geographical Diversification of Container Trade Growth 9
• 4) Relative container trade intensity 10
• 2. Competition Regulation of Liner Shipping 11
• 1) EU/United States 11
• 2) Australia 12
• 3) China 13
• 4) Japan 13
• 5) Korea 14
• 6) New Zealand 14
• 7) Indonesia 14
• 8) Thailand 15
• 9) Singapore 15
• 3. Increasing Ship Size 15
• 4. Financial Performance 20
• 5. Changes in Global Liner Shipping Operations 23
• 1) Increasing consolidation 23
• 2) Structural Change in Shipping Service 27
• 6. Rising Fuel Prices 29
• 7. Reducing Emissions 30
• 8. Port Development 32
• 1) Private Investment 33
• 2) India 34
• 3) China 35
• 4) Vietnam 36
• 5) Middle East and Central Asia 36
• 9. Terminal Operations 37
• 1) Changing balance of power 37
• 2) The emergence of global terminal operators 38
• 3) Container volumes handled by global terminal operators 38
• Chapter Ⅲ. Container Trade Growth 41
• 1. Economic Assumptions 41
• 2. Global Container Forecasts 46
• 3. Geographical Distribution of Container Volumes 48
• 4. ESCAP Trade 49
• Chapter Ⅳ. Landlocked Countries 55
• 1. The Special Situation of Landlocked Countries 55
• 2. Estimated Future Container Volumes of ESCAP Landlocked Countries 56
• Chapter Ⅴ. Trade Structure 59
• 1. Changing Nature of Global Container Trade 59
• 2. Asia - North America 60
• 3. Asia - Europe 63
• 4. Intra-ESCAP 63
• 5. Minor Routes 65
• Chapter Ⅵ. Container Port Volumes 66
• 1. From Container Flows to Port Volumes 66
• 2. Empty Containers 66
• 3. Container Port Volumes: World and ESCAP Region 69
• 4. Patterns of Transhipment 72
• 1) Transhipment growth 72
• 2) Global transhipment volumes 74
• 3) Global distribution of container volumes 75
• 4) Major transhipment centres 76
• Chapter Ⅶ. Container Berth Requirements 78
• REFERENCES 83
• APPENDIX 87