문화관광개발이 사회적 자본 형성에 미치는 영향 = (The) impacts of cultural tourism development on the formation of social capitals

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, the type of appropriate tourism development has changed into endogenous one, where local residents, who recognized the needs of the community, lead and participate in the whole process of tourism development. This function was different from exogenous development that previously performed by the central government. Endogenous development performed by spontaneous demands of local residents result in intrinsic motivation that has sustainable tourism development possibilities for enlarging the potential benefits.
This study began with assumption that endogenous development by resident participants impacts on the formation of social capitals, specifically in regard to local cultural tourism development.
Additionally this analysis sought proof whether recognition of the impacts of tourism development and the ties local residents have attachment to their communities have an impact on formation of social capitals. It also wanted to discover if there are any differences between attachment to one's community and the recognition of tourism development's impact to a local community and the subsequent formation of social capitals. To achieve this goal residents of three targets in each area from Gangneung and Donghae in Gangwon-do were selected. Out of 480 questionnaires, 386 were usable and adopted as valid samples. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, t-test were utilized.
Primarily, the result of the analysis of residential recognition on the style of tourism development showed that endogenous development is higher levels than exogenous development toward participation, purposes, decisions, processes and results.
* When we compared Donghae to Gangneung, Gangneung had a higher tendency toward endogenous recognition. However, in participation, Donghae had higher tendency toward endogenous recognition.
* Among the areas, Danbong-dong, Donghae had the highest level of endogenous recognition and Simgok-dong had a higher level of exogenous recognition in results. In Gangneung, Deoksil-ri had the highest level of endogenous recognition and Haksan-ri has a higher level of exogenous recognition in participation. and results.
Cultural tourism development impact, community attachment and social capital were examined reliability and propriety. Summarizing of results are as follows.
First, The residents survey for recognition of cultural tourism development impact had 26 variables with positive and negative sides derived from the studies. In the result of analysis, 6 factors were derived from 24 variables excluding 2 variables.
Second, In the social capital, 16 variables were derived from 28 variables and it was consistent with the trust, norms, participation, cooperation and network. In all variables on social capital reliability and propriety were appropriate in analysis.
Third, Community attachment was a factor of identity, reliability, and social intimacy. Eight variables were used in the analysis among 15 variables.
Following are the results of carrying out multiple regression analysis to verify the hypotheses of the factor derived from reliability and propriety.
First, The relation between residents' recognition of the type of cultural tourism development and formation of social capital had partially an effect on each other. Especially, 'participation', 'decision', and 'result' had statistical significance. And It was effected positively(+) in endogenous development and negatively(-) exogenous development. The residents who recognize cultural tourism as endogenous development suggested their opinion on the process of development and recognized the result positively. These kinds of acts had a positive effect on the formation of social capital. The residents who recognize cultural tourism as exogenous development had a negative effect on formation of social capital.
Second, Cultural tourism development has both positive and negative economic, socio-cultural, and environmental influences. Positively factors in cultural development impacts effected on the formation of social capital. Consequently residents who have positive recognition of cultural tourism development positived formation of social capital. In particular, positive recognition of socio-cultural effect highest influences formatting "network". That is, participation in the development process has a position influence on formation of relation between residents through meeting and attending events.
Third, Community attachment variables, excluding dependency, identity and social intimacy, all had a positive effect on the formation of social capital, especially social intimacy which had the highest influence on formation of network. Those who are proud of their community or have higher intimacies with the community members are more positive on formation of social capital.
Fourth, Among community attachment factors, identity had influenced the cultural tourism development impact. That is, identity positively(+) effected on all positive sides of tourism development impact and negatively(-) effected on the negative sides of tourism development impact. The fact shows that residents with more information and stronger their pride in their community are positive toward cultural tourism development impact. But It felt less negative toward negative sides of cultural tourism development.
Fifth, The result of analyzing differences between the recognition of a tourism development impact and community attachment showed that there were differences in two factors. Also comparing the averages, the levels of endogenous had effected more strongly.
In summary of the results of the analysis in this study, the residents who had the residents of recognition of endogenous cultural tourism development showed positive recognition of the formation of social capital and tourism development impact.
Therefore, findings of this study , in cultural tourism development, that active participation and process by rural residents based on social capitals of community make possible sustainable tourism development.
Community attachment as a similar concept to social capital was being studied in tourism. If community attachment means personal recognition for place, the local community, social capital means relation members in community. It was the motive power of reaching the purpose of tourism development.
When referring to the style of tourism development, the residents' preference between endogenous and exogenous was surveyed. However, this study surveyed whether the sample residents has recognition or not by detailing the degree of measurement. This aspect of our research, the inquiry into the relationship of formation of social capital and the recognition is different from previous studies.
On the other hand, this study had some limitations. First, specific character of the subject areas of study was not enough to represent all cultural tourism development areas. The subject areas of this study were the rural area of Gangneung and Donghae in Gangwon-do and they are not typical to represent other areas in cities or different style areas which enforce cultural tourism development.
Second, the developmental stage, scale and resource of the subject areas, are not the same. There can be differences in residents' recognition of the effect of tourism development depending on given conditions of each community or stage of development. But because the subject areas of this study were in the early stages of development and had various types of resources and scales there must be little differences in residents' recognition and attitudes toward tourism development.
Third, the sample residents are elderly people unlike the people who were surveyed in the prior studies. For that reason, the subject participants could not understand the questions and there is a possibility of contrived answers. We want to find ways of rectifying that in later studies. It is important to overcome the limits of this study by finding an appropriate study style to each subject group and alterative ways to overcome the differences between the areas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구배경 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 목적과 방법 = 3
• 1. 연구 목적 = 3
• 2. 연구 방법 = 4
• 제2장 이론적 배경 = 8
• 제1절 문화관광개발 = 8
• 1. 문화관광개발의 개념 = 8
• 2. 문화관광개발의 특성 = 13
• 3. 문화관광개발의 유형 = 16
• 제2절 사회적 자본 = 28
• 1. 사회적 자본의 개념 = 28
• 2. 사회적 자본의 속성 = 31
• 3. 사회적 자본의 측정 = 37
• 제 3 절 관광개발과 사회적 자본의 관계 = 41
• 1. 관광개발의 영향 = 41
• 2. 지역 애착도 = 52
• 3. 사회적 자본형성 = 58
• 4. 연구동향 = 67
• 제3장 연구설계 = 73
• 제1절 연구모형과 가설 설정 = 73
• 1. 연구모형 = 73
• 2. 연구가설 = 75
• 제2절 조사설계 = 77
• 1. 표본추출 및 조사방법 = 77
• 2. 설문지 구성 = 79
• 3. 연구대상지역 개관 = 81
• 제4장 실증분석 결과 = 86
• 제1절 표본의 일반적 특성 = 86
• 제2절 측정척도의 평가 = 88
• 1. 신뢰성 검증 결과 = 88
• 2. 타당성 검증 결과 = 94
• 제3절 문화관광개발에 대한 지역주민 인식 분석 = 102
• 1. 지역별 주민인식 분석 = 103
• 2. 인구통계적 특성별 주민의식 분석 = 106
• 제4절 문화관광개발의 사회적 자본 형성 영향 = 115
• 1. 개발방식의 사회적 자본형성 = 115
• 2. 개발영향의 사회적 자본형성 = 130
• 3. 지역애착도의 사회적 자본형성 = 138
• 4. 개발 방식에 대한 주민인식 영향 = 154
• 제5장 결 론 = 158
• 제1절 연구 분석의 요약 = 158
• 제2절 시사점 및 한계점 = 162
• 참고문헌 = 164
• 부록 = 177
• ABSTRACT = 182