지적 호기심의 심리적 메커니즘: 호기심 충족 방식에 따른 차이 비교 = The Psychological Mechanism of Epistemic Curiosity: a comparative study of two curiosity gratification types

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the psychological and neurological mechanisms of epistemic curiosity by using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined with survey. We ran a simple word recognition task, where South Korean subjects were asked to find corresponding South Korean words of North Korean target words. Our main focus was on the difference between internal (ICG) and external curiosity gratification (ECG), where correct answers were identified by subjects themselves (i.e., ICG), or eluded subjects therefore later were given by experimenters (i.e., ECG). The fMRI results demonstrated that greater activity in reward-related brain areas such as putamen and globus pallidus was associated with ICG compared to ECG conditions, indicating that subjects had positive feelings when they were able to gratify their curiosity internally based on their own knowledge and through reasoning. Simultaneously, brain areas related with memory encoding and retrieval were activated, and this means that ICG stimulates a voluntary learning. On the other hand, during ECG condition, upon seeing correct answers, subjects showed increased responses in the insula, which seems to indicate their negative subjective feeling due to their failure of finding correct answers. Subsequent survey using a different group of subjects revealed that subjects reported higher self-esteem leading to greater positive emotion during ICG vs. ECG condition, further confirming the aforementioned hypotheses. In the end, theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations of the present study are discussed in details.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 지적 호기심의 심리적·신경적 메커니즘을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 호기심이 충족되는 방식에 따라 심리반응의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 fMRI를 이용한 신경영상연구와 설문조사를 이용하였다. fMRI 결과, 호기심이 발생한 후 자신이 갖고 있는 지식을 활용하는 내부정보탐색을 거쳐 호기심을 충족하는 것은 그 자체로 보상이 되었고, 보상을 받은 것에서 오는 긍정적인 정서를 경험 하였다. 스스로 호기심을 충족한 후에 정답을 보면, 나의 과거 정보탐색 행동과 그 행동의 결과를 떠올리고 그 때 느꼈던 긍정적 정서를 다시 경험하고 정답을 학습하는 과정이 일어날 수 있음을 보여준다. 그러나 문제해결을 위해 노력을 기울였음에도 호기심을 자신의 힘으로 해결하지 못하고 외부에서 주어진 정보를 통해 해결한 경우에는 보상감을 느끼지 못하였다. 호기심의 충족 방식에 따라, 호기심 충족 이후의 정서 반응에 영향을 주는 심리 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 스스로 호기심을 충족할 때에는 자존감이 높게 유지되어 긍정적인 정서를 경험하지만, 외부의 도움에 의해 호기심을 충족한 경우에는 똑같이 호기심을 충족하더라도 자존감이 낮아지고 이로 인해 상대적으로 부정적인 정서를 경험하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 갖는 학문적, 실용적 의의와 몇 가지 한계점을 제시하였다.

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