Political ideologies : an introduction

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Boxes = xii
• Foreword by Andrew Gamble = xiv
• Preface to the Second Edition = xv
• 1 Introduction : Understanding Ideology = 1
• The role of ideas = 1
• What is ideology? = 5
• Concepts of ideology = 5
• Ideology, truth and power = 12
• Left, right and centre = 16
• The rise and fall of ideologies = 19
• Further reading = 23
• 2 Liberalism = 24
• Origins and development = 24
• The primacy of the individual - central themes = 27
• The individual = 27
• Freedom = 29
• Reason = 30
• Justice = 33
• Toleration = 35
• Liberalism and democracy = 38
• The liberal state = 38
• Constitutional government = 40
• Democratic rule = 42
• Classical liberalism = 46
• Natural rights = 48
• Utilitarianism = 50
• Economic liberalism = 51
• Social Darwinism = 54
• Modern liberalism = 55
• Individuality = 56
• Positive freedom = 57
• Social liberalism = 58
• Keynesianism = 60
• Liberalism in the twenty-first century = 62
• Further reading = 64
• 3 Conservatism = 66
• Origins and development = 66
• The desire to conserve - central themes = 68
• Tradition = 69
• Human imperfection = 71
• Organic society = 73
• Authority = 78
• Property = 80
• Authoritarian conservatism = 81
• Paternalistic conservatism = 84
• One nation conservatism = 84
• The middle way = 87
• Libertarian conservatism = 89
• New right = 91
• Neoliberalism = 92
• Neoconservatism = 97
• Conservatism in the twenty-first century = 100
• Further reading = 102
• 4 Socialism = 103
• Origins and development = 103
• No man is an island - central themes = 105
• Community = 106
• Cooperation = 108
• Equality = 109
• Needs = 112
• Common ownership = 113
• Roads to socialism = 116
• Revolutionary socialism = 116
• Evolutionary socialism = 119
• The inevitability of gradualism? = 121
• Communism = 124
• Classical Marxism = 125
• Philosophy = 125
• Economics = 127
• Politics = 128
• Orthodox communism = 130
• Leninism = 131
• Stalinism = 133
• the decline and fall of communism = 134
• Modern Marxism = 137
• Social democracy = 137
• Ethical socialism = 140
• Revisionism = 142
• From Social justice to community = 145
• Socialism in the twenty-first century = 149
• Further reading = 150
• 5 Nationalism = 152
• Origins and development = 152
• For the love of country - central themes = 156
• The nation = 156
• Organic community = 160
• Self-determination = 162
• Identity politics = 164
• Nationalism and politics = 167
• Liberal nationalism = 168
• Conservative nationalism = 170
• Expansionist nationalism = 173
• Anticolonial nationalism = 175
• Beyond nationalism = 178
• Liberal internationalism = 179
• Socialist internationalism = 181
• Nationalism in the Twenty-first century = 183
• Further reading = 185
• 6 Anarchism = 186
• Origins and development = 186
• Against the state - central themes = 188
• Antistatism = 188
• Natural order = 191
• Anticlericalism = 193
• The free economy = 194
• Collectivist and anarchism = 196
• Anarchism and Marxism = 197
• Mutualism = 198
• Anarcho-communism = 199
• Anarcho-syndicalism = 200
• Radical democracy = 201
• Individualist anarchism = 202
• Egoism = 203
• Libertarianism = 204
• Anarcho-capitalism = 205
• Roads to anarchy = 206
• Revolutionary violence = 207
• Direct action = 208
• Pacifism = 209
• Anarchism in the twenty-first century = 210
• Further reading = 211
• 7 Fascism = 212
• Origins and development = 212
• Strength through unity - central themes = 214
• Antirationalism = 216
• Struggle = 218
• Leadership and elitism = 219
• Socialism = 221
• Militant nationalism = 223
• Fascism and the state = 224
• Statism = 224
• Corporatism = 226
• Fascism and racialism = 227
• The politics of race = 227
• National socialism = 229
• Peasant ideology = 232
• Totalitarianism = 233
• Fascism in the twenty-first century = 235
• Further reading = 237
• 8 Feminism = 238
• Origins and development = 238
• The politics of the personal - central themes = 241
• The public-private divide = 242
• Patriarchy = 243
• Sex and gender = 245
• Equality and difference = 248
• Sex and politics = 249
• Liberal feminism = 250
• Socialist feminism = 253
• Radical feminism = 256
• Feminism in the twenty-first century = 260
• Further reading = 262
• 9 Ecologism = 264
• Origins and development = 264
• Return to nature - central themes = 266
• Ecology = 268
• Holism = 270
• Sustainability = 274
• Environmental ethics = 279
• Postmaterialism = 281
• Nature and politics = 283
• Right-wing ecologism = 283
• Ecosocialism = 285
• Eco-anarchism = 286
• Ecofeminism = 288
• Ecologism in the twenty-first century = 289
• Further reading = 290
• 10 Religious Fundamentalism = 291
• Origins and development = 291
• Back to basics - central themes = 294
• Religion and politics = 295
• The fundamentalist impulse = 298
• Antimodernism = 300
• Militancy = 302
• The family of fundamentalisms = 303
• Islamic fundamentalism = 304
• Shi'ite fundamentalism = 308
• Christian fundamentalism = 310
• The new Christian right = 311
• Other fundamentalism = 314
• Religious fundamentalism in the twenty-first century = 316
• Further reading = 317
• 11 Conclusion : Ideology without End? = 319
• The end of politics = 320
• The end of ideology = 320
• The end of history = 322
• The end of modernity = 323
• Further reading = 325
• Glossary of Terms = 326
• Bibliography = 341
• Index = 350