Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a public health problem that involves the disorder of articular cartilage. It has been reported that the loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in cartilage is a signal of early RA onset. The macromolecules such as ...
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a public health problem that involves the disorder of articular cartilage. It has been reported that the loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in cartilage is a signal of early RA onset. The macromolecules such as GAGs have much shorter TE and are not able to be identified using conventional MR Imaging techniques. In order to monitor GAGs concentration change in vivo, novel quantitative techniques such as T1rho mapping, gagCEST provide direct and indirect assessments of cartilage composition.
Methods: With the purpose of setting up the CEST sequences, phantom and in-vivo scans were performed. The MR signals under saturation pulse at different frequencies were fit into a smooth CEST “z-spectrum” and MTR asymmetry curve were calculated. A pulse sequence consisting of T1rho-prepped, FSE image acquisition. Multiple TSL(spin lock time; 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 120 ms) were used to construct a T1rho relaxation map in the both phantom(a swine patella ex-vivo) and male wistar rat in the knee joint in-vivo.
Results: High MTRasym (1.0 ppm) values reflect the GAGs contents in both swine patella phantom and cartilage in rat knee in-vivo. The quantitation of gagCEST MRI is based on the asymmetry in the CEST spectrum curve around 1.0 ppm and its reference frequency -1.0 ppm. The experiments attempt to explain how molecular properties of model tissue systems influence proton relaxation in the rotating frame and how they may be employed to generate useful contrast in images. The experiments will emphasize quantitative measurements of spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame.
Conclusions: CEST MRI and T1rho image as a molecular imaging technique was developed to detect the in-vivo MMs protons, which cannot be assessed by the traditional MRI methods. In this study, CEST and T1rho MRI was performed in swine patella phantoms and rats in-vivo to set up the MR imaging procedures and test its performance in finding macromolecules. Based on these preliminary results, we can get meaningful 9.4T gagCEST and T1rho cartilage images. And the ability of other MMs zones potential remains such as Alzheimer’s disease, and tumors.