중학생들의 학교폭력 주변인으로서의 인식 탐색 = Recognition and views as bystanders through experiences of school violence among middle school students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and views of middle school students who experienced school violence as bystanders, and to provide implications for the reduction and prevention of school violence. Participants included a total of 12 students (6 male and 6 female students) in grades 1-3, enrolled in a middle school located in S City. All students participated in semi-structured and open-ended interviews individually and the collected data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. As results, the students participating in the study recognized that the role of intervention as a bystander in order to reduce and prevent school violence was very important, and expressed their views on more effective actions and countermeasures. It included six major themes: 1) experience according to the types of bystander, 2) desirable response as a bystander, 3) strengthening education to prevent school violence, 4) strengthening the level of punishment for students who are conducting school violence, 5) smooth communication between a teacher and students, 6) establishment of a convenient school violence reporting system. It was confirmed that the defender role helping a victim, not as a bystander who does not provide any assistance or intervention, plays an important role in the reduction and prevention of school violence. Particularly, sympathizers and reinforcers who play a sympathetic role for the perpetrator students and bystanders who show no response to the victim can show defensive attitudes and behaviors against school violence if school violence prevention education is effectively implemented in schools.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이종길, "학교폭력의 원인과 실태 및 대처 방안 연구" 한국윤리학회 1 (1): 305-334, 2008

2 권오명, "학교폭력의 원인과 대책에 관한 소고" 한국법학회 (18) : 257-279, 2005

3 손강숙, "학교폭력의 방어자 역할 경험에 대한 질적 연구" 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 12 (12): 317-348, 2015

4 김창군, "학교폭력의 발생원인과 대처방안" 한국법학회 (38) : 173-198, 2010

5 이지연, "학교폭력에 대한 청소년의 방관적 태도가 자기효능감과 대인관계에 미치는 영향" 한국청소년복지학회 14 (14): 337-357, 2012

6 송정아, "학교폭력에 대한 청소년들의 심리적·행동적 학교적응 강화 프로그램 효과성 연구 (Π)" 한국청소년복지학회 3 (3): 79-94, 2001

7 이미형, "학교폭력에 관한 교사의 인식" 한국보건간호학회 23 (23): 174-185, 2009

8 이규미, "학교폭력 예방의 이론과 실제" 2014

9 오임택, "학교폭력 예방교육 문제점과 개선방안"

10 이은하, "학교폭력 예방 및 치유를 위한 집단상담 프로그램" 5 (5): 447-461, 2018

11 유영현, "학교폭력 대응상의 문제와 개선방안 -학교와 민간경비의 역할 모색-" 한국민간경비학회 11 (11): 203-232, 2012

12 엄명용, "학교 내 청소년들의 권력관계 유형과 학교폭력 참여 역할 유형" 한국사회복지학회 63 (63): 241-266, 2011

13 오종은, "초기 청소년의 정서지능, 공격성, 학교폭력에 대한 인식 및 대처 태도 간의 관계" 한국학교사회복지학회 (40) : 195-215, 2017

14 장윤옥, "청소년의 학교폭력피해경험과 대처행동과의 관계에서 가족건강성의 조절효과" 사범대학부속중등교육연구소 61 (61): 231-260, 2013

15 남궁미, "청소년의 불안, 회피애착과 학교폭력 방관·방어행동 간의 관계에서 이타성의 매개효과" 미래를 여는 청소년학회 16 (16): 87-104, 2019

16 송은주, "집단따돌림경험과 학업스트레스가 청소년자살생각에 미치는영향: 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 중심으로" 283-322, 2015

17 김현주, "집단 따돌림에서의 동조집단 유형화 연구" 숙명여자대학교 대학원 2003

18 김은형, "중학생에 의해 지각된 가족체계와 부모-자녀간 의사소통이 교우관계 및 교사-학생관계에 미치는 영향" 건국대학교 교육대학원 2010

19 경향신문, "제설제 먹이고 집단폭행까지. 충북 제천서 동급생 괴롭힌 중학생 6명 강제 전학"

20 김상곤, "영국, 미국, 노르웨이, 독일의 학교폭력 예방과 문제 해결을 위한 대처방안 분석연구" 한국학교사회복지학회 25 : 333-364, 2013

21 교육부, "보도자료"

22 심미경, "또래괴롭힘에 대한 방관 및 방어행동에 영향을 미치는학급 변인 : 학급규범과 교사감독을 중심으로" 한국청소년상담복지개발원 21 (21): 225-246, 2013

23 안효영, "또래괴롭힘 상황에서의 주변인 역할연구동향 및 과제" 한국열린교육학회 22 (22): 95-117, 2014

24 전승현, "늘어나는 학교폭력…절반 이상이 중학생들"

25 최기원, "남녀 중학생의 도덕적 정서와 또래괴롭힘 방어 및 방관행동의 관계 : 지각된 학급규준의 조절효과" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2012

26 신성자, "교사의 학교폭력개입능력이 학생들의 학교폭력 대응수준에 미치는 영향에 대한 교사와 학생들의 인식 -폭력인식과 학교폭력정의의 이차매개효과분석을 중심으로-" 한국학교사회복지학회 28 : 137-165, 2014

27 김순석, "교사와 학생관계가 학교폭력 예방을 위한 교사역량에 미치는 영향" 한국경찰학회 22 (22): 55-80, 2020

28 Younyoung Choi, "Verification of the Structural Relationship Model of Psychological Variables on likelihood of Bullying by Gender" Korea Youth Research Association 23 (23): 129-, 2016

29 Yera Park, "The Relation between Bullying Experiences and Bystander‘s Behavioral Reactions among Elementary Students - The Moderating Effects of Peer Conformity and Perceived Class Norms -" Asian Journal of Education 19 (19): 1-27, 2018

30 Byung-Kum Park, "The Influence of Adolescent`s Experience of Abuse and School Violence Victimization on Life Satisfaction : Moderating Effect of Career Identity" Korea Youth Research Association 23 (23): 181-, 2016

31 Suh, E. S., "The Effects of Therapeutic Group Drumming with Korean Middle School Students on Aggression as Related to School Violence Prevention" 66 : 1-10, 2019

32 Morgan-Lopez, A. A., "The Effects of Practitioner-delivered School-based Mental Health on Aggression and Violence Victimization in Middle Schoolers" 12 : 417-427, 2020

33 임재연, "Teachers’ Competency Research of prevention and intervention of School Violence through Students' Experience" The Korean School Psychology Association 14 (14): 181-208, 2017

34 Hye Won Jung, "Study on Factors Affecting Roles of Bystanders to School Violence: Focused on Gender Differences" Korean Juvenile Policy Association 30 (30): 153-174, 2017

35 Fisher, B. W., "School-related Outcomes Associated with Seeing Someone Shot: Do Friends Make a Difference?" 20 (20): 31-44, 2020

36 Siller, L., "School and Community Correlates of Interpersonal Violence Among High School Students" 11 (11): 244-252, 2021

37 Pusch, N., "Protective Factors for Violent Victimization in Schools : A Gendered Analysis" 18 (18): 597-612, 2019

38 Salmivalli, C., "Participant Role Approach to School Bullying : Implications for Interventions" 22 (22): 453-459, 1999

39 Byars, J., "Monitoring Social Media and Technology Use to Prevent Youth Suicide and School Violence" 24 (24): 318-326, 2020

40 Pozzoli, T., "Longitudinal Relations between Students’Social Status and Their Roles in Bullying : The Mediating Role of Self-Perceived Social Status" 20 (20): 76-88, 2021

41 Cho, Yong-Han, "Juvenile Group Violence in Korea: Reality and Solutions" Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 10 (10): 677-699, 2008

42 Garcés-Prettel, M., "Influence of Family and Pedagogical Communication on School Violence" 28 (28): 77-86, 2020

43 Salmivalli, C., "Feeling good about oneself, being bad to others? Remarks on self-esteem, hostility, and aggressive behavior" 15 (15): 112-120, 2001

44 Banyard, V. L., "Evaluating a Gender Transformative Violence Prevention Program for Middle School Boys : A Pilot Study" 101 : 165-173, 2019

45 Goetz, J. P., "Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research" Academic Press 1984

46 Hyun-suk Park, "Effect of Adolescents' Stress and Subjective Happiness on School Victimization Experience: A Structural Model Based on General Strain Theory" The Korean Association for Survey Research 19 (19): 1-23, 2018

47 Oh, I., "Contributions of personal and situational factors to bystander reactions to school bullying" 30 : 291-310, 2009

48 손경원, "Character, empathy, happiness and Bullying: How are they related in explaining the types of bullying participants among primary students?" Korean Elementary Moral Education Society null (null): 117-161, 2016

49 Werth, J. M., "Bullying victimization and social and emotional maladjustment of bystanders : A propensity score analysis" 53 : 295-308, 2015

50 Salmivalli, C., "Bullying as a group process : Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group" 22 : 1-15, 1996

51 Strauss, A., "Basics of Qualitative Research" Sage Publications 1990

52 Pil-Ju Lee, "An Overview of Research for School Violence Bystanders" Institute of Personality Education 3 (3): 41-58, 2018

53 Sang-Sik Park, "A Study on the Suggestions for Preventing of School Violence" Gyeongsang National University Law Research Institute 29 (29): 1-26, 2021

54 Z Hoon Choi, "A Study on School Violence and Bystanders Role" Korean Academy Welfare Counseling 6 (6): 275-297, 2017