진성 리더십과 작업 열의에 대한 리더 신뢰의 매개효과 = The Mediating Effect of Trust in Leader on the Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Work Engagement

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 진성 리더십이 종업원의 작업 열의에 미치는 직접적인 영향과 정서적및 인지적 신뢰를 통한 진성 리더십의 간접적인 영향을 검증했다. 본 연구는 종업원의 작업 열의에 대한 진성 리더십의 중요한 역할을 밝혔다. 리더가 자신의 실수를 솔직히 인정하고 자신이 느끼는 바를 구성원들에게 진솔하게 표현하는 행동이리더에 대한 구성원의 신뢰를 높이며, 또 리더가 자신의 신념과 가치에 일관되게행동하고 결정을 내리는 데 있어서 관련 자료를 충분히 조사하고 다른 의견에 귀를기울이는 등의 행동 역시 구성원으로 하여금 리더를 신뢰할 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 이렇게 높아진 신뢰는 결과적으로 구성원의 작업 열의에 긍정적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 결과는 조직이 진성 리더십에 특별한 주의를 기울임으로써 구성원의 작업 열의를 향상시킬 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 진성 리더십의 장점을 얻기 위해서조직은 리더가 진정성을 개발하고 이를 평가하는 과정을 통합할 필요가 있다. 또한본 연구는 진성 리더십과 구성원의 작업 열의 사이의 관계에서 정서적 신뢰와 인지적 신뢰의 매개 역할을 검증했다. 본 연구는 리더가 작업장에서 구성원의 행동에영향을 미치기 위해 활용하는 접근 방식을 합리적으로 고려해야 하며, 특히 구성원의 작업 열의를 높이려는 리더는 신뢰를 높이기 위해 진성 리더십을 활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study verified the direct influence of authentic leadership on the work engagement of employees and the indirect influence through affective based trust and cognitive based trust. This study revealed the important role of authentic leadership in the work engagement of employees. The behavior of the leader to admit his/her mistakes honestly and to express his/her feelings to the followers sincerely increases the trust in leader. In addition, leaders act consistently with their beliefs and values and act of investigating relevant data and listening to other opinions in making decisions also allows followers to trust their leader. These results suggest that the organization needs to improve the work engagement of its members by paying specific attention to authentic leadership. To get the benefits of authentic leadership, organizations need to integrate the process by which leaders develop authenticity and evaluate it. In addition, this study verified the mediating role of affective based trust and cognitive based trust in the relationship between authentic leadership and employees work engagement. This study suggests that the leaders should reasonably consider the approach that they utilize to influence the behavior of followers in the workplace, and in particular, it suggests that leaders who want to increase followers work engagement can use authentic leadership to increase trust.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 연구의 목적 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 가설 설정 Ⅲ. 측정 및 분석방법 Ⅳ. 실증분석 결과 Ⅴ. 결론 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 장성철, "진성 리더십과 심리적 웰빙에 대한 직무 만족의 매개효과" 피터드러커 소사이어티 9 (9): 107-146, 2016

2 최민석, "직무소진과 작업열의가 프리젠티즘에 미치는 영향" 피터드러커 소사이어티 9 (9): 63-93, 2016

3 김봉수, "지각된 상사의 공감과 작업 열의에 대한 긍정적 감정의 매개 효과" 피터드러커 소사이어티 11 (11): 175-215, 2018

4 Taipale, S., "Work engagement in eight European countries: The role of job demands, autonomy, and social support" 31 (31): 486-504, 2011

5 Bakker, A. B., "Work engagement : Current trends" 23 (23): 4-11, 2018

6 Michael, S. W., "Work engagement : A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance" 6 (6): 89-136, 2011

7 Gill, C., "Using theory on authentic leadership to build a strong human resource management system" 28 (28): 304-318, 2018

8 Avolio, B. J., "Unlocking the mask : A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors" 15 (15): 801-823, 2004

9 Hosmer, L. T., "Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics" 20 (20): 379-403, 1995

10 Csorba, L. T., "Trust. The One Thing That Makes or Breaks a Leader" Thomas Nelson Publishers 2004

11 Dirks, K. T., "Trust in leadership : Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice" 87 (87): 611-628, 2002

12 Mishra, A. K., "Trust in Organizations:Frontiers of Theory and Research" Sage Publications, Inc 261-287, 1996

13 Cummings, L. L., "Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research" Sage Publications, Inc 302-330, 1996

14 Avolio, B. J., "Transformational leadership and organizational commitment : Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance" 25 (25): 951-968, 2004

15 Kernis, M. H., "Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem" 14 (14): 1-26, 2003

16 McAuliffe, N., "The relationship between authentic leadership, trust, and engagement in library personnel" 59 (59): 129-148, 2019

17 Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 : 1173-1182, 1986

18 Boehm, S. A., "The missing link? Investigating organizational identity strength and transformational leadership climate as mechanisms that connect CEO charisma with firm performance" 26 (26): 156-171, 2015

19 Schaufeli, W. B., "The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire : A cross-national study" 66 (66): 701-716, 2006

20 Schaufeli, W. B., "The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach" 3 (3): 71-92, 2002

21 Bamford, M., "The influence of authentic leadership and areas of worklife on work engagement of registered nurses" 21 (21): 529-540, 2013

22 Morris, J. T., "The impact of authentic leadership and ethical firm culture on auditor behavior" 7 : 1-32, 2014

23 Rusaw, A. C., "The ethics of leadership trust" 3 (3): 547-569, 2000

24 Gatling, A., "The effects of authentic leadership and organizational commitment on turnover intention" 37 (37): 181-199, 2016

25 Neider, L. L., "The authentic leadership inventory(ALI) : Development and empirical tests" 22 (22): 1146-1164, 2011

26 Galford, R., "The Trusted Leader. Bringing Out the Best in Your People and Your Company" The Free Press 2002

27 Den Hartog, D., "The Trust Process in Organizations: Empirical Studies of the Determinants and the Process of Trust Development" Edward Elgar Pub 125-146, 2003

28 Kouzes, J. M., "The Leadership Challenge" Jossey-Bass 2002

29 Bakker, A. B., "Special issue: Engagement at work" 22 (22): 187-200, 2008

30 Podsakoff, P. M., "Self-reports in organizational research : Problems and prospects" 12 : 69-82, 1986

31 Zhu, W., "Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects : Do different types of trust make a difference" 24 (24): 94-105, 2013

32 Walumbwa, F. O., "Psychological processes linking authentic leadership to follower behaviors" 21 (21): 901-914, 2010

33 Luthans, F., "Positive Organizational Scholarship" Barrett-Koehler 241-261, 2003

34 Cameron, K. S., "Positive Organisational Scholarship" Berrett-Koehler, Inc. 2003

35 Rousseau, D. M., "Not So Different after All : A Cross-Discipline View of Trust" 23 : 393-404, 1998

36 Harman, H. H., "Modern factor analysis" University of Chicago Press 1960

37 Kanungo, R. N, "Measurement of job and work involvement" 67 (67): 341-349, 1982

38 Whitener, E. M., "Managers as initiators of trust : An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior" 23 (23): 513-530, 1998

39 Avolio, B. J., "Leadership : Current theories, research, and future directions" 60 : 421-449, 2009

40 Schaufeli, W. B., "Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement : A multi-sample study" 25 (25): 293-315, 2004

41 Maunno, S., "Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement : A longitudinal study" 70 (70): 149-171, 2007

42 De Beer, L. T., "Job crafting and its impact on work engagement and job satisfaction in mining and manufacturing" 19 (19): 400-412, 2016

43 Zhu, Y., "How transformational leadership influences follower helping behavior : The role of trust and prosocial motivation" 35 (35): 373-392, 2014

44 Colquitt, J. A., "Explaining the justice–performance relationship: Trust as exchange deepener or trust as uncertainty reducer?" 97 (97): 1-15, 2012

45 Blau, P. M., "Exchange and Power in Social Life" Wiley 1964

46 Yang, J., "Examining the effects of trust in leaders : A bases-and-foci approach" 21 (21): 50-63, 2010

47 Newman, A., "Examining the cognitive and affective trust-based mechanisms underlying the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational citizenship:A case of the head leading the heart?" 123 (123): 113-123, 2014

48 Ahmad, I., "Ethical leadership and work engagement : The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation" 56 (56): 1991-2005, 2018

49 Joo, B. K., "Enhancing work engagement: The roles of psychological capital, authentic leadership, and work empowerment" 37 (37): 1117-1134, 2016

50 Morgan, D. E., "Employee involvement, organizational change and trust in management" 14 (14): 55-75, 2003

51 Hsieh, C. -C., "Does supervisor-perceived authentic leadership influence employee work engagement through employee-perceived authentic leadership and employee trust?" 26 (26): 2329-2348, 2015

52 Heyns, M., "Dimensionality of trust: An analysis of the relations between propensity, trustworthiness and trust" 41 (41): 1-12, 2015

53 Podsakoff, P. M., "Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies" 88 : 879-903, 2003

54 Schaubroeck, J., "Cognition-based and affect-based trust as mediators of leader behavior influences on team performance" 96 (96): 863-871, 2011

55 Konovsky, M. A., "Citizenship behavior and social exchange" 37 (37): 656-669, 1994

56 Schaufeli, W. B., "Burnout and engagement in university students : A cross-national study" 33 (33): 464-481, 2002

57 Bracey, H., "Building Trust. How to Get It. How to Keep It" HB Artworks, Inc 2002

58 Reina, D. S., "Building Effective Relationships in Your Organization" Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc 1999

59 Scheepers, C. B., "Beneficiary contact moderates relationship between authentic leadership and engagement" 14 (14): a758-, 2016

60 Walumbwa, F. O., "Authentically leading groups : The mediating role of collective psychological capital and trust" 32 (32): 4-24, 2011

61 Avolio, B. J., "Authentic leadership: Theory-building for veritable sustained performance" Gallup Leadership Institute, University of Nebraska 2004

62 Hassan, A., "Authentic leadership, trust and work engagement. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 56" 5 (5): 1036-1042, 2011

63 Penger, S., "Authentic leadership, employees’ job satisfaction, and work engagement : A hierarchical linear modelling approach" 27 (27): 508-526, 2014

64 Leroy, H., "Authentic leadership, authentic followership, basic need satisfaction, and work role performance : A cross-level study" 41 (41): 1677-1697, 2015

65 Avolio, B. J., "Authentic leadership development : Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership" 16 (16): 315-338, 2005

66 Oh, J., "Authentic leadership and work engagement : The mediating effect of practicing core values" 39 (39): 276-290, 2018

67 Wong, C. A., "Authentic leadership and nurses' voice behaviour and perceptions of care quality" 18 (18): 889-900, 2010

68 Álvarez, A.P., "Authentic leadership and its relationships with work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors in military units : The role of identification as a mediating variable" 31 (31): 412-424, 2019

69 Valsania, S. E., "Authentic leadership and its effect on employees' organizational citizenship behaviours" 24 (24): 561-566, 2012

70 Qian, J., "Authentic leadership and feedback-seeking behavior : An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China" 18 (18): 286-299, 2012

71 Leroy, H., "Authentic leadership and behavioral integrity as drivers of follower commitment and performance" 107 (107): 255-264, 2012

72 Walumbwa, F. O., "Authentic leadership : Development and validation of a theory-based measure" 34 (34): 89-126, 2008

73 Avolio, B.J., "Authentic Leadership Questionnaire"

74 Saks, A. M., "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement" 21 (21): 600-619, 2006

75 Crossan, M. M., "An organizational learning framework : From intuition to institution" 24 (24): 522-537, 1999

76 Mayer, R. C., "An integrative model of organizational trust" 20 (20): 709-734, 1995

77 McAllister, D. J., "Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations" 38 (38): 24-59, 1995

78 Eagly, A. H., "Achieving relational authenticity in leadership : does gender matter?" 16 (16): 459-474, 2005

79 Laschinger, H. K. S., "A time-lagged analysis of the effect of authentic leadership on workplace bullying, burnout, and occupational turnover intentions" 23 (23): 739-753, 2014

80 Brower, H. H., "A Model of relational leadership : The integration of trust and leader-member exchange" 11 (11): 227-250, 2000

81 Gardner, W. L., ""Can you see the real me?" A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development" 16 (16): 343-372, 2005