Differences in Golf Performance According to Shot Type During Golfers’ Swing

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

OBJECTIVES Shot type, determined by clubface angle, spin, and impact conditions, is critical in golf strategy. However, previous studies treated shot type as a dependent variable rather than examining its influence on performance. This study investigated relationships between shot types and performance indicators in professional golfers.




METHODS Thirty-four professional golfers performed 15 driver swings using TrackMan 4. Shot types were classified into nine categories (Slice, Strong fade, Fade, Slight fade, Straight, Slight draw, Draw, Strong draw, Hook) and regrouped into three types (Draw type, Straight, Fade type). Performance indicators included carry distance, total distance, club head speed, ball speed, spin rate, and smash factor. ANCOVA with sex as covariate and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were conducted.




RESULTS Shot type significantly affected all performance indicators (p < 0.001), with spin rate showing the largest effect size (η² = 0.33). Fade-type shots exhibited higher spin rates, club speed, and ball speed than Draw type shots (p < 0.001), but lower distance efficiency and smash factor. Draw-type shots demonstrated lower spin rates and efficient energy transfer. No differences were found between Draw-type and Straight shots.


CONCLUSIONS Shot type is a kinematic determinant of golf performance beyond directional control. Fade-type shots increase aerodynamic drag and reduce impact efficiency, whereas Draw-type shots optimize distance through lower spin. Shot type control training incorporating club path, face angle, and spin management is essential for performance enhancement.