This study investigates dramaturgy characteristics of dramas of Lim Sun-gyu, Korea's representative popular playwriter in the 1930s and 1940s, in terms of the relationship with melodrama-styled dramaturgy. The overall characteristics of Korea's popula...
This study investigates dramaturgy characteristics of dramas of Lim Sun-gyu, Korea's representative popular playwriter in the 1930s and 1940s, in terms of the relationship with melodrama-styled dramaturgy. The overall characteristics of Korea's popular theatre have many similarities to the ones of melodrama, a representative genre of Western popular culture. Of which, works of Lim Sun-gyu are examples and I analyzed the characteristics of Lim Sun-gyu's dramaturgy by comparing them with ones of melodrama in this study. In addition, it tries to find out what dramaturgy Lim Sun-gyu, who was the most popular playwriter then, created to draw interest of the public and what results he achieved.
For a preliminary investigation, I put together the concepts and structural characteristics of melodrama, examined what they have in common with Korea's popular theatre and looked into how Lim Sun-gyu used them in his dramas. Based on these findings, the study looked at the characteristics of his dramaturgy in terms of structures and techniques, characters and conflicts, and the acceptance degree of audience with the following four works: "Being imposed on love and crying for money", "Donghak-dang", "Ice flowers", and "A road of dawn"
Korea's popular theatre and melodrama have common points, which include that schematic characteristics are displayed in narrative composition and ending structure, they establish the relationship between characters as an extremely dichotomized antagonistic plot, they take subjects and stories from problems people face in their real lives and they secure an emotional unity with audiences by maximizing sentiment. Such melodramatic characteristics are being seen in works of Lim Sun-gyu, who has actively created both popular plays and national ones. However, unlike western melodrama that are usually concluded to a happy ending, most his works present a tragic ending, expressing the reality and the public of the times through making characters passive and confused.
From the end of 1930s to the early 1940s, when he actively worked on writings, it was the period that the culture control policy by Japan was applied extremely tight. At the time, Japanese colonial rulers increased the intensity of economic exploitation by reorganizing Joseon society into a war-ready system and oppressed Joseon thoroughly even in terms of ideology through a racial assimilation policy. Also, in the theatrical world, its play control policy has been more intensified since the end of 1930s, and plays all were integrated into a national drama as a newly-structured theory of play has began. Those four works above are closely related with the social and cultural context of the times.
First, I looked at the structures and techniques shown in the Lim Sun-gyu's dramas, which were written during the period. The four works show the composition of 'well-made play', securing a consistent cause and effect relationship. In addition, they induce the continuous interest of viewers through variations such as the technique of a play within the play, plot technique, injection of unrelated episodes, sub-plot, and so on. Moreover, unlike melodrama that approves the existing values through moral ending, they present the cracks of ideologies of the time, showing different-type endings.
Second, each texts were examined in terms of character and conflict. The four works have an outstandingly antagonistic structure: good person and bad person. Lim Sun-gyu set ordinary persons whom the public can identify with them as good heros, but set westerners, persons having the privilege, and the ruling class as bad characters. Through such a setting of characters, "Being imposed on love and crying for money" criticizes the reality of colonial capitalism and remaining feudal conventions. "Donghak-dang" emphasizes the awakening of the public, showing the oppression of the ruling class and social contradiction. In "Ice flowers", and "A road of dawn", the dramatist created dichotomous antagonistic structures and mixed characters, and the works can be analyzed in terms of varying aspects.
Lastly, the study looks at the works in terms of the acceptance to the public. The four works secure popularity by reflecting the complaints on the reality of the time and the emotional structure of the public who wanted the reality of the time to be changed. In particular, "Ice flowers", and "A road of dawn", which are works in the period of national drama, reflect dichotomous desires of viewers toward the Japanese colonial rule: acceptance and resistance. Although the works were created in the position in which the dramatist accepted the fascism system led by Japan, they made viewers realize their situations and form an affective alliance, the ruined people of a colony, through characters whom viewers could empathize with or the situations that characters faced.
The popular theatre of Lim Sun-gyu have limits that the works failed to deeply show the reality and lives of the times because they only catered to the taste of audiences and just skimmed the surface of them, as well as his national drama played a role to deliver the ideology of pro-Japanese to audiences. On the other hand, his works show a possibility that audiences would be able to enjoy the pleasure from hidden resistance while forming an affective alliance of ruined people of a colony. In order to overcome the limit of his time in which he could not directly describe the contradiction of colony reality, he tried to tide over the situation of the time by borrowing the dramaturgy of melodrama that allows problems of life to be stories familiar to the public in the situation of their daily lives.