논쟁의 관점에서 본 인도 후기 유가행파의 증지 = Yogic Intuition from the Perspective of Debate

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ever since the later Indian Yogācāra school was founded by Dharmakīrti (600-660 C.E.), it has exerted a strong influence upon Indian philosophy. The treatises of this school were written to prove the essential thoughts of Buddhism as well as to refute the main ideas of Hinduism and Jainism. The topics of refutation are the theories of ātman and īśvara and so forth while those of proof are the theories of momentariness and sarvaja and so on.
Yogic intuition (yogijāna, yogiprayakṣa) is a key concept to prove the omniscience (sarvajatā) attributed to the Buddha. It arises through the practice of meditation on the Four Noble Truths. As a sort of perception, this cognition is free from conceptual construction and is non-erroneous. In medieval India, yogic intuition was a central topic in debates between Buddhists and their Hindu opponents.
This paper deals with yogic intuition from the perspective of debate. It investigates how the Mimāṃsākas and the Naiyāyikas raise issues with regard to this concept and how the later Indian Yogācārins refute them and prove their own views. Especially, this paper explores the following two controversies: 1) How does yogic intuition fulfill the two conditions of perception, which are freedom from conceptual construction and non-erroneousness? 2) How is the intensification of meditative practice possible even though every existence is momentary?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인도 후기 유가행파는 디그나가(Dignāga, 480-540 C.E.)에 의해 창시되고 다르마끼르띠(Dharmakīrti, 600-660 C.E.)에 의해 확립된 이래, 인도의 종교철학에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 학파이다. 이 학파의 논서는 브라만교나 자이나교 등의 설을 논파하고 불교의 교설을 논증하기 위한 목적으로 저술되었다. 논파의 대상이 되었던 주제는 자재신론, 아뜨만설 등이며 논증의 대상이 되었던 것은 찰나멸론, 일체지자론 등이다.
요가행자의 증지는 후기 유가행파가 일체지자론을 인식론적 구조 속에서 설명하기 위하여 고안한 개념이다. 증지는 사성제에 대한 수습을 통해 생기는 무분별지이다. 수행자는 이것을 증득하면 실재의 본성을 궤뚫어 알게 된다. 인도 후기 유가행파는 전통적으로 증지를 바른 인식의 하나인 현량으로 파악하였다. 이 개념은 중세 인도철학의 황금기인 7세기에서 11세기 사이에 브라만교의 니야야나 미망사 학파와 불교의 후기 유가행파 사이에 논쟁의 핵심 주제의 하나가 되었다.
이 논문은 논쟁의 관점에서 증지를 다룬다. 이 개념과 관련하여 니야야, 미망사 학파의 논사들이 어떠한 문제를 제기하며, 후기 유가행파의 논사들이 이들 문제를 어떻게 논파하여 자설을 논증하는지를 살핀다. 구체적으로는 증지가 현량이 되기 위한 두 가지 요건인 무분별성과 비착오성을 어떻게 충족하는가와 일체가 찰나멸인데 어떻게 수습이 가능한가에 관련된 논쟁을 다룬다.

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