미국의 학대피해 위탁아동의 친권상실 결정요인에 관한 연구 = Factors associated with the termination of parental rights of children in foster care

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 미국의 학대피해 위탁아동을 중심으로 위탁보호기간 소요에 따른 친권상설 위험율의 추이와 친권상설에 관한 요언을 분석하였다. 특히, 1997년 개정된 아동 복지법(the Adoption and Families Safety Act, 이후 ASFA) 이후 최초 위탁보호된 아동의 친권상실 위험율의 추이를 살펴본 결과 1개월에서 6개월 사이에는 친권상실이 매우 미비하게 발생했으나, 이후 계속 꾸준히 증가하다가 19개월에서 24개월 사이에 가장 빈번히 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 학대피해 아동이 최초 위탁보호 당시 연령이 어릴수록, 흑인아동일 경우, 부모가 약물중독이나 유기로 인해 위탁보호된 경우, 그리고 선입양가족이나 일반위탁가족에 보호된 경우에 비교적 높은 친권상실 가능성을 나타내고 있었다. 이러한 피학대아동에 대한 공적 친권개입과 친권상실에 대한 분석 결과를 토대로 공적 친권개입과 친권상실에 대한 정책적 함의와 제도적 제언을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the timing and the risk factors associated with the termination of parental rights who first enter foster care due to child abuse and neglect. For the purpose of the study, the sample was drawn from foster care files of Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) in 32 states between October 1998 (FY1999) and September 2002 (FY2002). The timing from first entry into foster care to TPR was examined by plotting the Kaplan-Meier survivor / and hazard functions. Survey logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for TPR of foster children. The hazard of TPR was very low after first entering foster care, but in­creased rapidly starting at 10 months and then declined after 32 months in care. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of TPR include younger age, Black / African Ame­rican, parental substance abuse and parental abandonment, and pre-adoptive family homes. The findings of this study suggest that more specific targeted strategies and perma­nency planning via TPR should be developed for racial minority children and older children. Also, this study recommends more intensive family reunification efforts for the cases that involve parental substance abuse and specialized care for drug treatment in order to avoid TPR and promote permanency in child welfare system.

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