As Housing Renewal Project is conducted in inferior and old detached dwelling areas, which leads to the furtherance of apartment housing complex instead, 'Borderland' has come into existence, located right near to adjacent residential areas. Therefore...
As Housing Renewal Project is conducted in inferior and old detached dwelling areas, which leads to the furtherance of apartment housing complex instead, 'Borderland' has come into existence, located right near to adjacent residential areas. Therefore, this study was carried out with a critical mind that at 'Borderland' will dramatically take place some aspects of the project conducted in a individual zone unit without considering nearby areas. Accordingly, in consideration of the absence of any preceding researches specifically dealing with the scope of 'Borderland' defined in this study, an empirical case analysis was conducted to investigate possible problems in details, aimed at the Housing Renewal Project District in Seoul.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the compositive characteristics of a Borderland taking place when a new apartment complex adjoins the nearby environments and analyze the environmental characteristics caused between the compositive characteristics and the relational characteristics. In addition, by investigating improved cases complementing the environmental characteristics exposed by the negative effects, the study aims to make suggestions for improvements. In advance of an actual analysis, this study defined the term, 'Borderland', established 'compositive elements' and 'Relational characteristic elements' through an empirical analysis and provided analysis items to analyze the environmental characteristics through the preceding study and on-site investigation.
By analyzing what compositive element composes how many of Borderland and what characteristics compositive elements have, it was possible to investigate and analyze the compositive characteristics of small and medium sized apartment housing complex.
The compositive characteristics of a Borderland can be summarized as follows:
Firstly, it was investigated that as for the compositive characteristics, the Borderland of an apartment housing complex by Housing Renewal Project in Seoul is generally surrounded by roads for 63.03% while the rest 36.94% adjoins right the nearby plots.
Secondly, it was analyzed that as for the characteristics in size on the basis of the number of households constructed, when the ratio of infrastructure is low, the ratio of non-residential facility use in the small size while the ratio of parks and green spaces in the large size.
Thirdly, the changed distribution of the number of households constructed on the time series was possible for the sectional establishment by the methods and policies of Housing Renewal Project, and the changed aspects within a section were affected according to the changes of apartment housing policies. Besides, it was possible to classify the sizes into small, medium and large on the basis of before-and-after 1997.
Finally, it was found that compared to before 1997, in small and large-sized apartment housing complex after 1997, the Borderland has a low ratio of adjoining road facilities with a high ratio of residential area, which can make it possible to interpret as efforts to solve problems caused by the lack of infrastructure and efficient arrangements of buildings, expansion of infrastructure according to the reinforcement of policies for floor area ratio, or efforts to solve civil appeals such as sunshine-related damages.
After completing the analysis on the compositive characteristics, the environmental characteristics of the Borderland were analyzed so that it may be found what compositive element adjacent to the Borderland cause what kinds of environmental characteristics by particular relational characteristics between the apartment complex and the nearby facilities, for which 5 analysis items were provided such as safety, convenience, amenity, activation and privacy. As a result of the investigation, it was possible to establish the scope of objects affected by the compositive elements of the Borderland in each item, and the probability of positive or negative effects on the objects and its details were analyzed by the relational characteristics.
The environmental characteristics of the Borderland can be summarized as follows:
Firstly, as for the safety, an analysis was carried out about the safety of streets to school, the safety of streets for walking and the safety of residential areas. The safety of streets to school required the same-line plan in consideration of the safety of students using the same line with vehicles while the safety of streets for walking might face the risks of pedestrians' falling due to the different level between apartment and road, retaining-wall collapse, crime induction possibility. As for he safety of residential areas, it was investigated that in case of the nearby residential areas, there are crime prevention-related problems caused by the different level between apartment and residental area and other problems about the deterioration levels of buildings while in case of an apartment complex adjoining green spaces, there are natural disaster-related problems.
Secondly, as for the convenience, it was classified by the compositive elements into the convenience of using roads, the convenience of using pedestrians' streets and the convenience of using facilities. It was investigated that certain problems decline the convenience of using roads, such as using the same main exit and entrance road for vehicles, the different level between adjacent area and road and illegal parking while the opening of transit roads in the complex and similar time zones for vehicle movements have positive effects. As for using streets for walking, there took place some problems caused by the loss or interception of the main streets for walking in the existing residential areas and the private ownership of streets for walking. As for the problems of the convenience of using facilities, problematic cases were investigated such as the declination of the convenience of using community facilities in the adjacent residential areas undesignated as a part of the section, the inclination of the convenience of using parks caused by the location of parks, the same line for entrance and the different level between adjacent residential areas and park and the park along the main roads that are not easy to access.
Thirdly, as for the amenity, it was largely classified into the amenity of walking spaces and the amenity of residential spaces, and in addition, problems about public environments were investigated. In case of walking spaces, aesthetic problems of walking roads were investigated that retaining walls and close-typed walls by the different level between apartment and road have, and in case of residential spaces, it was investigated there are problems declining the amenity, such as the hinderance in views and sunshines, noise and dropping litters while in case of adjoining educational facilities and purchasing facilities, there are problems such as noises into the apartment buildings and the declination of aesthetic views. As for the contents about the public environments, it was investigated there are unmanaged urban spaces and dropping litters taking place in places such as undeveloped lands, parks and green spaces excluded in fixing up the project district boundaries.
Fourthly, as for the contents about the activation, it was classified into the activations of using roads, using streets for walking, using parks and the changes of the nearby areas. In case of using roads, roads on which vehicles use less were investigated as a problematic case due to the disconnection with adjacent apartment housing complex, and other problematic cases were also investigated as factors of non-activation of streets for walking, such as retaining walls caused by the different level between apartment and adjacent area, the maximum non-activation caused by the linear elements of the other sides of roads and the non-activation of streets for walking in the apartment complex adjacent to green spaces. In case of using parks, especially Neighborhood Park, both problematic cases and improved cases have the same context in the factors affecting the convenience of using parks, and in case of adjoining the nearby parks along the main roads, they were analyzed as cases to improve the non-activation-related problems when the apartment complex is adjacent to the location of parks, main exit and entrance of the apartment complex, bus stops, commercial buildings, crosswalks. Finally, as for the changes of the nearby areas, in case that the use of regions are altered by the location of the main exit and entrance of the apartement complex or the access to the secured infrastructure is intercepted by the different levels, the lack of changes about the upgrade of the regions with use and so on were investigated while the difficulty of the future development along with disposing problems, mainly taking place in the plots undesignated as a part of the section.
Finally, as for the privacy, it was analyzed that in case of adjoining plots of residential facilities, the apartment complex may have privacy-related problematic cases, and the levels of damaged privacy increase by the different level between apartment and adjacent residental area, the uneven-shaped Borderland patterns and the nearby additional facilities.
In summary, the problems of each apartment complex constructed by Housing Renewal Project showed up differently, depending on the kinds of facilities each apartment complex adjoins. It was investigated when mainly adjoining roads, residential facilities and parks, the existence of the apartment complex affects the environments of the nearby residential areas, and when adjoining non-residential facilities and green spaces such as educational facilities, public facilities, purchasing facilities, religious facilities and green spaces, it affects the apartment complex. The contents in details were possible to be explained by the relational characteristics. It was also analyzed that the same line for pedestrians and vehicles and different levels play a role as main relational characteristic elements in case of the safety, the location, the line for pedestrians and vehicles and thickness gaps in case of the convenience, the thickness gaps and Boundary patterns in case of the amenity, the location, the line for pedestrians and vehicles, different levels and Boundary patterns in case of the activation and the different levels, Boundary patterns and location in case of the privacy.
Likewise, unlike apartment housing complex constructed by other projects, in the apartment housing complex constructed by Housing Renewal Project take place various problems along the Borderland because of different adjacent environments (compositive elements) and relational characteristics. Many problems were analyzed about roads, residential areas, parks and green spaces mostly located near the Borderland as compositive characteristics of Housing Renewal Project and other problems were analyzed about the different levels, Boundary patterns and the line for the pedestrians and vehicles which frequently take place as the relational characteristics.
It is anticipated that those problems will be solved by sufficiently comprehending both the compositive and environmental characteristics and performing plans in details for the connection with adjacent environments, which minimizes damages of the nearby residential areas and accomplishes the improvement of local residential environments which is the ultimate goal of the project.