한국 근대에서 단일민족 신화의 역사적 형성 과정 = A Study on the Historical Formation Process of the Myth on the Ethnic Homogeneity in Modern Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study looks into when the deep-rooted conception of the ethnic
homogeneity of being one race of Dangoon began and how this
conception has become a common sense and myth among
contemporary Korean. Based on the empirical investigation of this
conception, this paper presents the results as below：
First, the conception of the ethnic homogeneity is the invention of
tradition in the modern as the result of the nationalism after the
opening of the country in the late 1900s. Accordingly, this view
challenges the common belief spread in the field of Korean history
that such a view has existed for more than 1300 years since it was
formed right after the unification of three Kingdoms by Shilla and
completed in Korea dynasty. This is because it was impossible to
unify all the people in a top-down manner with such a concept
during the premodern era when there was explicit class discrimination.
Furthermore, the idea of Koreans being the race of Dangoon
originated from the theory of Three Koreas during the Chosun
Dynasty also stems from the theory of the civilization based on the
perspectives of Chinese and its neighboring races. Accordingly, such a
view does not mean that all the people in the Chosun Dynasty were
homogeneously tied to one blood or race.
Second, the formation of the concept of the ethnic homogeneity
began in the age of the enlightenment (1905-1910) after the Russo-
Japanese War. The intellectuals in the Chosun Dynasty had no choice
but to make a desperate effort to create the myth of‘ one-race’after
realizing their destiny after Japan won against Russia, which
provides a good rationale that the term of ‘ethnicity’and the
nationalism as an ideology had been formed at the age of the
Enlightenment right after the Russo-Japanese War. In other words,
instead of being loyal to a king, it was necessary to create a grand
and robust view of the ‘ethnicity’as a key signifier to mobilize the
people though the discursive practices during the Enlightenment
period. This is the very reason that the idea of‘ one-race’has been
used as a means to homogenize the Korean people by homogenize
them as a group sharing a common destiny.
Third, it is also possible that the idea of‘ one-race’formulated in
the age of the Enlightenment was due to the Japanese’view of‘ onerace’influenced
by the theory of organic nation or ethnic particularities
based on the German’s romantic nationalism or political
theories. The main body in the Enlightenment movement constructed
an‘ holy race’in which all Koreans are the descendants of Dangoon,
they created a myth of all Koreans sharing the same blood and
history.
Fourth, the idea of the ethnic homogeneity functioned as the
symbol of resistant nationalism against the Japanese in the colonial
period. As North Korea made an effort to bolster their hegemony by
spreading the propaganda of finding the Dangoon tomb after the Cold
War, both South and North Korea have used this view of‘ one-race’
as the tool to ensure their identity as a modern state or their political
power and domination.
Last, the idea of Koreans as ‘one-race of Han with the same
blood, language, and culture’is repeatedly recycled in social studies in
elementary and secondary textbooks and transforms the people’s
memory on their history on a massive scale. Such a practice has
turned the conception of the ethnic homogeneity as a trans-historical
hyper-reality and a mythicized collective memory.

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